Publication: Sadûk kavramı ve hicrî ilk üç asırda sadûk olarak nitelenen râviler
Abstract
Hadislerin sıhhatini tesbit için öncelikli olarak senedde yer alan râvilerin güvenilirlik durumları araştırılmaktadır. Bu araştırma için hadis âlimlerinin râvilerin cerh-ta‘dîl bakımından durumlarını ifade etmek için kullandıkları tenkit ıstılahları ve bu ıstılahların delâlet ettikleri anlamların tesbiti önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada sadûk teriminin hicrî ilk üç asırda belirli âlimler tarafından kullanımları incelenerek, sadûk terimiyle nitelenen râvilerin hangi güvenilirlik seviyesine sahip oldukları, sadûk teriminin erken dönemde delâlet ettiği anlam sahasının tesbiti hedeflendi. Sadûk terimine dair teorik tanım ve tarifler ile hicrî ilk üç asırda münekkidlerin sadûk terimini kullanımlarının örtüşüp örtüşmediği tetkik edilmeye çalışıldı. Hadis âlimlerinin tanımlarına göre zabt bakımından kusurları olan ve rivayetleri araştırma sonucunda delil olarak kullanılabilen sadûk râvilerin “sika”, “birtakım zabt kusurlarına sahip olan güvenilir râviler”, “hatası çok olan zayıf râviler” ve “ehl-i bid‘ate nisbet edilen râviler” şeklinde dört ayrı grupta olabileceği tesbit edildi. Sadûk teriminin hicrî II. asırdan itibaren sikadan ayrı bir ıstılah olarak kabul edildiği ve hicrî III. asırdan itibaren yaygın bir şekilde kullanıldığı görüldü. Hicrî II. asırda çoğunlukla sika ve birtakım zabt kusurlarına sahip râviler hakkında kullanılan sadûk teriminin hicrî III. asırdan itibaren zayıf râvilere yönelik olarak kullanımının arttığı sonucuna ulaşıldı.
To determine the authenticity of the hadiths, first of all, the reliability of the narrators in the hadith is investigated. For this research, it is important to determine the terms of criticism used by hadith scholars to express the status of narrators in terms of cerh-ta'dil and the meanings of these terms. In this study, the use of the term ṣadūq by certain scholars in the first three centuries of the Hijrah was examined, and it was aimed to determine what level of reliability the narrators characterized by the term ṣadūq had, and the meaning field that the term ṣadūq signified in the early period. The compatibility of the theoretical definitions of the term ṣadūq and the use of the term ṣadūq by the critics in the first three centuries of the Hijrah was tried to be examined. According to hadith scholars, faithful narrators who have defects in the record and whose narrations can be used as evidence as a result of research were examined in four different groups as a thiqa, reliable narrators who have some record faults, weak narrators with many mistakes and narrators attributed to the ahl al-bida‘. It has been seen that the term ṣadūq has been accepted as a different term from thiqa since the second century of the Hijrah and has been widely used since the third century of the Hijrah. It was concluded that the term ṣadūq, which was mostly used for narrators with thiqa and memory defects in the second century of the Hijrah, has increased in use for weak narrators since the third century of the Hijrah.
To determine the authenticity of the hadiths, first of all, the reliability of the narrators in the hadith is investigated. For this research, it is important to determine the terms of criticism used by hadith scholars to express the status of narrators in terms of cerh-ta'dil and the meanings of these terms. In this study, the use of the term ṣadūq by certain scholars in the first three centuries of the Hijrah was examined, and it was aimed to determine what level of reliability the narrators characterized by the term ṣadūq had, and the meaning field that the term ṣadūq signified in the early period. The compatibility of the theoretical definitions of the term ṣadūq and the use of the term ṣadūq by the critics in the first three centuries of the Hijrah was tried to be examined. According to hadith scholars, faithful narrators who have defects in the record and whose narrations can be used as evidence as a result of research were examined in four different groups as a thiqa, reliable narrators who have some record faults, weak narrators with many mistakes and narrators attributed to the ahl al-bida‘. It has been seen that the term ṣadūq has been accepted as a different term from thiqa since the second century of the Hijrah and has been widely used since the third century of the Hijrah. It was concluded that the term ṣadūq, which was mostly used for narrators with thiqa and memory defects in the second century of the Hijrah, has increased in use for weak narrators since the third century of the Hijrah.