Publication: 28 Şubat sürecinde siyasal İslam’ın etkilerinin Hürriyet ve Yeni Şafak gazetelerindeki söylemler üzerinden analizi
Abstract
20. yüzyılda dünyada yaşanan siyasi olaylar, tarihte birçok kırılma noktasına sebep oldu. İki dünya savaşı, imparatorlukların yıkılması, Soğuk Savaş ve SSCB'nin çöküşü bu süreçteki en önemli dönüm noktalarını oluşturdu. Bu dönemde Türk siyasi hayatı da birçok önemli olayla değişime uğradı. Bu dönüm noktalarından biri de yakın tarihimize damga vuran ve post-modern darbe olarak nitelenen 28 Şubat 1997 olayıdır. Birden çok sebebi olan bu olayın analizlerinde siyasal İslam ve laiklik vurgusu ön plana çıkmaktadır. Ordu, bürokrasi ve medya üçgeni üzerinden yapılan söylemler sonucunda Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri, 1960, 1971 ve 1980 müdahalelerinden sonra dördüncü kez siyasete müdahale etti ve Necmettin Erbakan'ın başbakanlığında kurulan Refah-Yol hükümeti görevden ayrılmak zorunda kaldı. Bu olay, Türkiye'nin yakın tarihinde önemli bir dönüm noktası olarak kabul edilir ve etkileri uzun yıllar boyunca tartışılmaya devam etmiştir. Bu çalışma, 28 Şubat süreci öncesi ve sonrasındaki siyasi atmosferi, siyasal İslam kavramını ve medyanın rolünü detaylı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Özellikle Yeni Şafak ve Hürriyet gazetelerindeki yazılar üzerinden siyasal İslam ve laiklik kavramlarının nasıl ele alındığı, bu kavramların süreç üzerindeki etkileri ve medyanın bu süreçteki konumlandırılması analiz edilmektedir. Çalışma, 28 Şubat sürecinde medyanın siyasi tartışmaları yönlendirmede, kamuoyunu şekillendirmede ve siyasi karar alma süreçlerini etkilemede önemli bir rol oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Yeni Şafak ve Hürriyet gazetelerinin farklı ideolojileri temsil ederek bu süreçte farklı perspektifler sunduğu ve bu farklılıkların toplumdaki kutuplaşmaya katkı sağladığı görülmektedir. Bu analiz, medyanın 28 Şubat sürecindeki çok yönlü rolünü ve etkisini anlamak için önemli bir katkı sunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, 28 Şubat sürecinde medyanın, özellikle de gazetelerin, siyasi olayların şekillenmesinde ve toplumun siyasi bilincinin oluşturulmasında hayati bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Bu durum, demokratik bir sistemde medyanın gücünü ve sorumluluğunu bir kez daha ortaya koymaktadır. Medya, sadece haberleri aktarmakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda olayları yorumlayarak ve kamuoyunu yönlendirerek siyasi süreçleri etkileyebilmektedir. Bu nedenle, medyanın etik ilkeler çerçevesinde ve tarafsız bir şekilde haber yapması, kamuoyunu doğru bilgilendirmesi ve farklı görüşlere yer vermesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Aksi takdirde, medya, toplumu manipüle etme ve kendi ideolojik görüşlerini empoze etme aracı olarak kullanılabilir. Bu da demokrasinin temel ilkelerine zarar verir ve toplumda kutuplaşmaya yol açar. 28 Şubat süreci, medyanın bu gücünü ve sorumluluğunu anlamak için önemli bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. Bu süreçte yaşananlar, medyanın demokratik değerlere hizmet etmesi ve kamuoyunu doğru bilgilendirmesi gerektiği konusunda farkındalığı artırmıştır.
The political events that took place in the world in the 20th century caused many turning points in history. Two world wars, the collapse of empires, the Cold War and the collapse of the USSR were the most important turning points in this process. Turkish political life also underwent changes with many important events during this period. One of these turning points was the February 28, 1997 incident that left its mark on our recent history and was described as the post-modern coup. In the analyses of this event, which had multiple causes, the emphasis on political Islam and secularism comes to the fore. As a result of the discourses made through the triangle of the army, bureaucracy and media, the Turkish Armed Forces intervened in politics for the fourth time after the interventions in 1960, 1971 and 1980, and the Welfare-Path government established under the prime ministry of Necmettin Erbakan was forced to resign. This incident is considered an important turning point in Turkey's recent history and its effects have continued to be discussed for many years. This study examines the political atmosphere before and after the February 28 process, the concept of political Islam and the role of the media in detail. In particular, it analyzes how the concepts of political Islam and secularism were addressed through articles in the Yeni Şafak and Hürriyet newspapers, the effects of these concepts on the process and the positioning of the media in this process. The study reveals that the media played an important role in directing political discussions, shaping public opinion and influencing political decision-making processes during the February 28 process. It is seen that the Yeni Şafak and Hürriyet newspapers represented different ideologies and offered different perspectives during this process and that these differences contributed to the polarization in society. This analysis makes an important contribution to understanding the multifaceted role and impact of the media during the February 28 process. In conclusion, this study shows that the media, especially newspapers, played a vital role in shaping political events and creating political awareness in society during the February 28 process. This situation once again reveals the power and responsibility of the media in a democratic system. The media can influence political processes by not only reporting news, but also interpreting events and directing public opinion. Therefore, it is of great importance for the media to report news within the framework of ethical principles and in an impartial manner, to inform the public correctly and to include different views. Otherwise, the media can be used as a tool to manipulate society and impose its own ideological views. This harms the basic principles of democracy and leads to polarization in society. The February 28 process is an important example to understand this power and responsibility of the media. What happened during this process has increased awareness that the media should serve democratic values and inform the public correctly.
The political events that took place in the world in the 20th century caused many turning points in history. Two world wars, the collapse of empires, the Cold War and the collapse of the USSR were the most important turning points in this process. Turkish political life also underwent changes with many important events during this period. One of these turning points was the February 28, 1997 incident that left its mark on our recent history and was described as the post-modern coup. In the analyses of this event, which had multiple causes, the emphasis on political Islam and secularism comes to the fore. As a result of the discourses made through the triangle of the army, bureaucracy and media, the Turkish Armed Forces intervened in politics for the fourth time after the interventions in 1960, 1971 and 1980, and the Welfare-Path government established under the prime ministry of Necmettin Erbakan was forced to resign. This incident is considered an important turning point in Turkey's recent history and its effects have continued to be discussed for many years. This study examines the political atmosphere before and after the February 28 process, the concept of political Islam and the role of the media in detail. In particular, it analyzes how the concepts of political Islam and secularism were addressed through articles in the Yeni Şafak and Hürriyet newspapers, the effects of these concepts on the process and the positioning of the media in this process. The study reveals that the media played an important role in directing political discussions, shaping public opinion and influencing political decision-making processes during the February 28 process. It is seen that the Yeni Şafak and Hürriyet newspapers represented different ideologies and offered different perspectives during this process and that these differences contributed to the polarization in society. This analysis makes an important contribution to understanding the multifaceted role and impact of the media during the February 28 process. In conclusion, this study shows that the media, especially newspapers, played a vital role in shaping political events and creating political awareness in society during the February 28 process. This situation once again reveals the power and responsibility of the media in a democratic system. The media can influence political processes by not only reporting news, but also interpreting events and directing public opinion. Therefore, it is of great importance for the media to report news within the framework of ethical principles and in an impartial manner, to inform the public correctly and to include different views. Otherwise, the media can be used as a tool to manipulate society and impose its own ideological views. This harms the basic principles of democracy and leads to polarization in society. The February 28 process is an important example to understand this power and responsibility of the media. What happened during this process has increased awareness that the media should serve democratic values and inform the public correctly.
Description
Keywords
1980-, Civil-military relations, Coups d'état, Democracy, Demokrasi, Devlet-ordu ilişkileri, Hükümet darbesi, Islam and state, İslam ve devlet, Laicism, Laiklik, Media, Medya, Political Islam, Politics and government, Post-Modern Coup, Post-Modern Darbe, Siyasal İslam, Siyaset ve yönetim, Turkey, Türkiye
