Publication: İslam hukukunda risk kavramının akitler açısından tahlili
Abstract
İslam hukukunda risk kavramının akitler açısından tahlili Sosyal bir varlık olan insan temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak amacıyla çeşitli ticari sözleşmeler yapar. Yapılan her bir sözleşme sözleşmenin özelliğine göre içerisinde birtakım riskler barındırır. Sözleşmelerde söz konusu riskler ticari işlemlerin özünü etkilediği gibi bu işlemlerden elde edilen gelirin meşruiyetini de etkiler. İslam borçlar hukukundaki akitlere hangi risklerin nasıl bir etkide bulunduğunu tespit etmeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada öncelikle akit konusu daha sonra risk meselesi ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler neticesinde riskin akitleri etkileme açısından hem olumlu yönünün hem de olumsuz yönünün bulunduğu ve bu her iki yönünün birtakım kavramları kapsadığı tespit edilmiştir. Fıkıhta akitlere etki eden risk meselesinin tespit edilebilmesi için bu meselenin Kur’ân ve sünnet açısından da ele alınması önemlidir. Bu sebeple fıkıhta akitlere etki eden risk meselesine işaret eden ilgili nasların ve konunun fıkıhtaki yerinin tespit edilmek suretiyle meseleye Kur’ân, sünnet ve içtihat çerçevesinde açıklık getirilmesi tezin temel hedeflerindendir. Tezin ikinci bölümünde risk meselesi hem günümüz finansındaki çeşitleri hem de İslam fıkhı çerçevesinde akdin sıhhatini olumsuz etkilemesi ve akit için gerekli olması bakımından ele alınmıştır. Buradan hareketle çalışmanın son bölümünde İslam borçlar hukukundaki akitlere risk bağlamında yer verilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda akitlere etki eden riskin bir kısmının akitlerin sıhhatine engel olduğu, buna karşın mülkiyet sorumluluğunu üstlenme anlamını içeren ve kâr sonucunu doğuran riskin ise risk-getiri dengesini sağladığı ve dolayısıyla bu riskin akitler için gerekli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Analysis of the concept of risk in Islamic law in terms of covenants abstract As a social being, humans enter into various commercial contracts to meet their basic needs. Each contract contains certain risks depending on its nature. These risks affect not only the essence of commercial transactions but also the legitimacy of the income derived from such transactions. In this study, which aims to determine how risks affect contracts in Islamic debt law, the subject of the contract is first addressed, followed by the issue of risk. The data obtained reveal that risk has both positive and negative effects on contracts, and that these two aspects encompass certain concepts. To identify the issue of risk affecting contracts in Islamic jurisprudence, it is important to examine this issue from the perspective of the Qur'an and Sunnah. For this reason, one of the main objectives of our thesis is to clarify the issue within the framework of the Qur'an, Sunnah, and ijtihad by identifying the relevant texts that refer to the issue of risk affecting contracts in fiqh and determining the place of the issue in fiqh. In the second section of our thesis, the issue of risk is addressed both in terms of its various forms in contemporary finance and in terms of its negative impact on the validity of contracts and its necessity for contracts within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence. Based on this, the final section of our study focuses on contracts in Islamic debt law in the context of risk. The evaluations conducted revealed that some of the risks affecting contracts hinder their validity, whereas risks that involve assuming ownership responsibility and generate profit ensure a risk-return balance and are therefore necessary for contracts.
Analysis of the concept of risk in Islamic law in terms of covenants abstract As a social being, humans enter into various commercial contracts to meet their basic needs. Each contract contains certain risks depending on its nature. These risks affect not only the essence of commercial transactions but also the legitimacy of the income derived from such transactions. In this study, which aims to determine how risks affect contracts in Islamic debt law, the subject of the contract is first addressed, followed by the issue of risk. The data obtained reveal that risk has both positive and negative effects on contracts, and that these two aspects encompass certain concepts. To identify the issue of risk affecting contracts in Islamic jurisprudence, it is important to examine this issue from the perspective of the Qur'an and Sunnah. For this reason, one of the main objectives of our thesis is to clarify the issue within the framework of the Qur'an, Sunnah, and ijtihad by identifying the relevant texts that refer to the issue of risk affecting contracts in fiqh and determining the place of the issue in fiqh. In the second section of our thesis, the issue of risk is addressed both in terms of its various forms in contemporary finance and in terms of its negative impact on the validity of contracts and its necessity for contracts within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence. Based on this, the final section of our study focuses on contracts in Islamic debt law in the context of risk. The evaluations conducted revealed that some of the risks affecting contracts hinder their validity, whereas risks that involve assuming ownership responsibility and generate profit ensure a risk-return balance and are therefore necessary for contracts.