Publication: Teknoloji, toplum, sermaye ilişkisi açısından dijital emek üzerine inceleme
Abstract
En geniş anlamıyla üretimin bilgisi şeklinde tanımlayabileceğimiz teknoloji, günümüzde toplumsal yaşamın önemli bir bileşeni durumundadır. Teknoloji ile toplum arasında yakın ve karmaşık bir bağ bulunmaktadır. Ancak toplumun her kesiminin teknolojiye erişim olanakları eşit düzeyde değildir, bu anlamda teknolojinin tarafsızlığından söz edilemez. Gücü elinde bulunduran egemen toplumsal sınıflar, teknolojiyi diğer toplumsal sınıflar üzerinde tahakküm aracı olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Nitekim kapitalist toplumda da benzeri bir durum söz konusudur. Kapitalist sınıf, sermaye birikimini sağlamak ve güvence altına almak için teknolojiyi endüstriyel devrimler örneğinde görüldüğü gibi etkin biçimde kullanmıştır. 1970’li yıllardan itibaren özellikle enformasyon ve iletişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmeler de bu eksende değerlendirilmelidir. Bu dönemde yaşanan sermaye birikim krizinin çözümü olarak devreye sokulan esnek birikim modelinin kilit unsurlarından birini enformasyon ve iletişim teknolojileri oluşturmuştur. Enformasyon ve iletişim teknolojilerinin sunduğu olanaklarla üretim dijitalleşmeye başlamış, sermaye üretim alanında mekân ve zamanın sınırlılıklarını aşma olanağı elde etmiştir. Kapitalizm dijitalleşmeye ve bunun sonucunda yeni bir emek formu olan dijital emek ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Henüz oluş aşamasındaki Endüstri 4.0 ile bu dijitalleşme sürecinin daha da hız kazanacağı, bunun sonucunda dijital emek formunda yer alan emekçilerin sayısının daha da artacağı öngörülmektedir. Benzer bir tahmin Türkiye’deki dijital emek için de yapılabilir. Çalışmamız dijital emeği, teknoloji, toplum ve sermaye ilişkileri açısından analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
In the broadest sense, technology, which we can define as the knowledge of production, is an important component of social life. There is a close and complex link between technology and society. However, all segments of the society do not have equal access to technology, and in this sense, the neutrality of technology cannot be mentioned. Dominant social classes that hold power can use technology as a means of domination over other social classes. As a matter of fact, there is a similar situation in capitalist society. The capitalist class has used technology effectively to ensure and secure capital accumulation, as seen in the example of industrial revolutions. The developments in information and communication technologies since the 1970s should also be evaluated in this context. One of the key elements of the flexible accumulation model, which was introduced as a solution to the capital accumulation crisis experienced in this period, is information and communication technologies. With the possibilities offered by information and communication technologies, production has begun to digitalize and has gained the opportunity to overcome the limitations of space and time in the field of production and capital production. Capitalism has begun to digitalize and as a result, a new form of labor, ‘digital labor’ has begun to emerge. It is predicted that this digitalization process will accelerate with Industry 4.0, which is still in its formation stage; and as a result, the number of workers in the form of digital labor will increase even more. A similar estimation can be made for digital labor in Turkey. Our study aims to analyze digital labor in terms of technology, society and capital relations.
In the broadest sense, technology, which we can define as the knowledge of production, is an important component of social life. There is a close and complex link between technology and society. However, all segments of the society do not have equal access to technology, and in this sense, the neutrality of technology cannot be mentioned. Dominant social classes that hold power can use technology as a means of domination over other social classes. As a matter of fact, there is a similar situation in capitalist society. The capitalist class has used technology effectively to ensure and secure capital accumulation, as seen in the example of industrial revolutions. The developments in information and communication technologies since the 1970s should also be evaluated in this context. One of the key elements of the flexible accumulation model, which was introduced as a solution to the capital accumulation crisis experienced in this period, is information and communication technologies. With the possibilities offered by information and communication technologies, production has begun to digitalize and has gained the opportunity to overcome the limitations of space and time in the field of production and capital production. Capitalism has begun to digitalize and as a result, a new form of labor, ‘digital labor’ has begun to emerge. It is predicted that this digitalization process will accelerate with Industry 4.0, which is still in its formation stage; and as a result, the number of workers in the form of digital labor will increase even more. A similar estimation can be made for digital labor in Turkey. Our study aims to analyze digital labor in terms of technology, society and capital relations.
Description
Keywords
Çalışma ekonomisi, Digital Capitalism, Dijital Emek, Dijital Kapitalizm, Endüstri 4.0, Enformasyon ve İletişim Teknolojileri, Esnek Birikim, Flexible Accumulation, Immatieral Labor, Industry 4.0, Information and Communication Technologies, Labor economics, Maddi Olmayan Emek Digital Labor, Technological innovations, Technology, Teknoloji, Teknolojik yenilikler
