Publication: Anadolu Selçuklu mimarisinde tuğla, tuğla-çini birlikteliği ve geometri
Abstract
Araştırmalar neticesinde tarihte kökü Mezapotamya’da Sümerliler zamanına dayanan tuğla malzemenin serüveni sonraki yıllarda Abbasiler’le devam etmiştir. Tuğla malzeme özellikle Türklerin yaygın olduğu Orta Asya ülkelerinde mimaride hem yapı hem de süsleme aracı olarak büyük bir dinamizmle uygulanmıştır. Süslemede tuğlanın biçiminden de istifade edilerek geometrik formlar oluşturulmuştur. Özellikle Karahanlılar döneminde çıplak tuğla geometrik süslemede sadeliğin asaletine ulaşmıştır. Büyük Selçuklularda ise işin içine artık pişmiş toprağa renk ilavesiyle farklı formlar oluşmuş, sonraki süreçte Büyük Selçuklular’ın geleneksel malzemesi olarak Anadolu’ya taşınmıştır. Anadolu’da hemen tüm Selçuklu dönemi yapılarında taşın kullanılması bölgenin jeolojik yapısı gereğidir. Tuğla kullanımına gelince; bu bir zorunluluk olmayıp bilinçli bir tercih’tir. Anadolu’da genel kanının aksine tuğla uygulamalar çeşitlilik ve işçilik açısından değerlendirilirse, malzemenin geleneksel niteliğini yitirmeyip büyük heyecanlar içeren ve daha önceki örneklerinden ayrılan yeni boyutlar kazanmışlardır.
According to the researches, the brick material, whose roots go back to the time of Sumerians in Mesopotamia, continued its adventure in later ages through Abbasids. Especially in the Middle Asian countries that had major Turkish population, the brick was utilized in the architecture as a means of both structure and ornamentation in a very characteristic and dynamic way. In ornamentation, geometrical forms were created as a result of making use of the shape of the brick. Particularly during the period of Karahans’, the bare brick reached a noble plainness in geometrical ornamentation. When it comes to the Great Seljuks, different forms were created as a result of adding colours into the baked-clay. In later periods, it was carried to Anatolia as the traditional material of the Great Seljuks. In almost all the structures in Anatolia that were built in the Seljuk era, the use of stone was due to the geological conditions of the area. As for the use of brick, it was not a necessity; it was a conscious preference. Contrary to general opinion, I have noticed that, from the perspective of variety and craftsmanship, the applications of the brick in Anatolia gained new exciting dimensions, differentiating from its pre
According to the researches, the brick material, whose roots go back to the time of Sumerians in Mesopotamia, continued its adventure in later ages through Abbasids. Especially in the Middle Asian countries that had major Turkish population, the brick was utilized in the architecture as a means of both structure and ornamentation in a very characteristic and dynamic way. In ornamentation, geometrical forms were created as a result of making use of the shape of the brick. Particularly during the period of Karahans’, the bare brick reached a noble plainness in geometrical ornamentation. When it comes to the Great Seljuks, different forms were created as a result of adding colours into the baked-clay. In later periods, it was carried to Anatolia as the traditional material of the Great Seljuks. In almost all the structures in Anatolia that were built in the Seljuk era, the use of stone was due to the geological conditions of the area. As for the use of brick, it was not a necessity; it was a conscious preference. Contrary to general opinion, I have noticed that, from the perspective of variety and craftsmanship, the applications of the brick in Anatolia gained new exciting dimensions, differentiating from its pre