Publication: Bazı tıbbi ve bitkisel çaylarda fumonisin B1 ve B2 düzeylerinin araştırılması
Abstract
1. ÖZET Fumonisinler, Fusarium verticillioides olarak da bilinen F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, F. anthophilum, F. dlamini, F. napiforme ve F. nygamai gibi Fusarium türü küf mantarları tarafından sentezlenen, hububat, tahıl ürünleri ve bakliyatta sıklıkla rastlanan fitotoksik özellikte mikotoksinlerdir. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Uluslararası Kanser Araştırma Örgütü) tarafından F. moniliforme toksinleri insanlar için potansiyel karsinojen maddeler olarak bildirilmiştir (Sınıf 2B karsinojen). Fusarium mikotoksinlerinin oluşumu sıcaklık, nem, besin üretim aşamaları ve üretilen besinin tipi gibi birçok faktöre bağlıdır. Çalışmamızda, marketlerden, pazarlardan temin edilen tıbbi ve bitkisel çay örneklerinde fumonisin B1 (FB1) ve fumonisin B2 (FB2) araştırıldı. FB1 ve FB2, fluoresans detektörlü yüksek basınçlı sıvı kromatografisi (YBSK) ile tayin edildi. Bu çalışmada 51 adet siyah ve 3 adet yeşil çay ile 61 adet tıbbi ve bitkisel çay örneğinde FB1 ve FB2 analizi yapıldı. İstanbul'dan sağlanan toplam 115 örneğin 108 tanesi marketlerden, 7 tanesi semt pazarlarından satın alındı. En yüksek FB1 düzeyi marketten temin edilen bir ısırganotu yaprağı örneğinde 1.487 ppm olarak saptandı. En düşük FB1 düzeyi ise yine marketten temin edilen bir nane yaprağı örneğinde 0.160 ppm olarak saptandı. FB1 tıbbi ve bitkisel çay örneklerinin %1.74 'ünde tespit edilmiş; FB2 ise tıbbi ve bitkisel çay örneklerinde tespit edilememiştir. Siyah çay, adaçayı yaprağı, ıhlamur çiçeği, rezene meyveleri, papatya çiçeği , kuşburnu meyveleri, defne yaprağı, mısır püskülü, meyan kökü örneklerinde FB1 ve FB2' ye rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de yoğun bir biçimde tüketilen ve çeşitli ülkelere ihraç edilen tıbbi ve bitkisel çaylarda potansiyel karsinojen FB1 ve FB2 analizlerini yapmaktır. Ekonomik önemi nedeniyle tıbbi ve bitkisel çayların işlenmeleri sırasında kontrol ve analizlerinin yapılması gerekmektedir. Beslenmeyle ilgili yapılacak mikotoksin çalışmaları sağlıklı bir toplum kazanmak ve sağlıklı nesillerin yetişmesi bakımından büyük önem taşımaktadır. 2.
DETERMINATION OF FUMONISINS B1 AND B2 IN SOME MEDICINAL AND HERBAL TEAS Fumonisins are phytotoxic mycotoxins which are synthesized by various species of the fungal genus Fusarium such as F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, F. anthophilum, F. dlamini, F. napiforme, F. nygamai on foods like cereal, cereal products and pulses. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) mentioned that the toxins produced by F. moniliforme are potentially carcinogenic substances (Class 2B carcinogen). The occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins depend on such factors as temperature, humidity, food processing methods and type of food product. In our study, fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) analysis was carried out in medicinal and herbal teas samples purchased from markets and street bazaars existing in Istanbul. FB1 and FB2 were analysed by HPLC with fluorescence detector. In this study, FB1 and FB2 were analysed in 51 black and 3 green tea, 61 herbal and medicinal tea samples. Out of 115 samples provided in İstanbul, 108 of them were purchased from markets, 7 of them were purchased from street bazaars. The highest level of FB1 was determined as 1.487 ppm in a stinging nettle leaf sample provided from a market. The lowest level of FB1 was determined as 0.160 ppm in a mint leaf sample provided from a market. FB1 was detected in %1.74 of herbal and medicinal tea samples. No FB2 was detected in herbal and medicinal tea samples. No FB1 and FB2 were detected in black tea, sage tea leaf, lime flower, fennel fruits, chamomille flowers, rose hip fruits, laurel leaf, corn silk, licorice, bee balm samples. The aim of this study is to analyse potentially carcinogenic FB1 and FB2 in medicinal and herbal teas which are consumed considerably in Turkey and exported to various countries. Due to their economical importance medicinal and herbal teas are needed to be controlled and analysed throughout their process. All mycotoxin analyses for the entire food chain have a great importance both for human health and healthy next generations.
DETERMINATION OF FUMONISINS B1 AND B2 IN SOME MEDICINAL AND HERBAL TEAS Fumonisins are phytotoxic mycotoxins which are synthesized by various species of the fungal genus Fusarium such as F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, F. anthophilum, F. dlamini, F. napiforme, F. nygamai on foods like cereal, cereal products and pulses. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) mentioned that the toxins produced by F. moniliforme are potentially carcinogenic substances (Class 2B carcinogen). The occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins depend on such factors as temperature, humidity, food processing methods and type of food product. In our study, fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) analysis was carried out in medicinal and herbal teas samples purchased from markets and street bazaars existing in Istanbul. FB1 and FB2 were analysed by HPLC with fluorescence detector. In this study, FB1 and FB2 were analysed in 51 black and 3 green tea, 61 herbal and medicinal tea samples. Out of 115 samples provided in İstanbul, 108 of them were purchased from markets, 7 of them were purchased from street bazaars. The highest level of FB1 was determined as 1.487 ppm in a stinging nettle leaf sample provided from a market. The lowest level of FB1 was determined as 0.160 ppm in a mint leaf sample provided from a market. FB1 was detected in %1.74 of herbal and medicinal tea samples. No FB2 was detected in herbal and medicinal tea samples. No FB1 and FB2 were detected in black tea, sage tea leaf, lime flower, fennel fruits, chamomille flowers, rose hip fruits, laurel leaf, corn silk, licorice, bee balm samples. The aim of this study is to analyse potentially carcinogenic FB1 and FB2 in medicinal and herbal teas which are consumed considerably in Turkey and exported to various countries. Due to their economical importance medicinal and herbal teas are needed to be controlled and analysed throughout their process. All mycotoxin analyses for the entire food chain have a great importance both for human health and healthy next generations.