Publication: Öz eleştiriye çok boyutlu yaklaşım : öz eleştiri ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı, yetişkin bireylerin öz eleştiri düzeylerini belirlemeye yönelik bir ölçek geliştirmek ve psikometrik yönden incelemektir. Ölçek geliştirme sürecinde ilk olarak ilgili alanyazın incelenmiş ve bir grup yetişkin bireye öz eleştiri ile ilgili kompozisyon yazdırılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda 106 maddelik bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Hazırlanan maddelerle ilgili çeşitli uzmanlık alanlarından 12 uzmanın görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Uzmanlardan gelen geri bildirimler doğrultusunda uygulanan Lawshe tekniği sonucunda 52 maddelik taslak form elde edilmiştir. Oluşturulan bu taslak form ile esas uygulamaya başlamadan önce 42 kişilik yetişkin grubuna pilot uygulama yapılmıştır. Pilot uygulama sonucu taslak formdaki maddelerin değerlendirilmesiyle birlikte ölçeğe son hali verilmiştir. Elde edilen bu form 675 yetişkin (18-61 yaş) bireye uygulanmıştır (xort: 25,95; xss: 6,91). Toplanan veriler, SPSS 25 ve AMOS 24 istatistik programları ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi neticesinde 30 maddeden oluşan üç alt boyutlu bir ölçek elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu üç faktörlü yapı toplam varyansın %48,93’ünü açıklamaktadır. Güvenirlik çalışmaları doğrultusunda yapılan analizde ölçeğin Cronbach’s alpha iç tutarlık katsayısı yıkıcı öz eleştiri alt boyutu için ,910 yapıcı öz eleştiri alt boyutu için ,884 ve yetersiz öz eleştiri alt boyutu için ,806 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölçek alt boyutlarının madde toplam-kalan analizleri için tüm değerler (p<,000) düzeyinde anlamlıdır. Ölçek alt boyut toplam puanlarının ayırt ediciliğine ilişkin yapılan analizler neticesinde de gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<,000). Ayrıca yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucu elde edilen uyum iyiliği değerlerinin uygun referans aralıklarında olduğu görülmektedir (χ2/ sd=2,472; RMSEA=0,066; SRMR=0,07; IFI=0,961; CFI=0,955; GFI=0,924). Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, Öz Eleştiri Ölçeği (ÖEÖ)’nin, yetişkin bireylerin öz eleştiri düzeylerini belirlemede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olarak kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.
The purpose of this research is to develop a scale to determine the self-criticism levels of adults and to examine it psychometrically. During the scale development process, firstly, the relevant literature was examined and a group of adult individuals were asked to write an essay about self-criticism. An item pool of 106 items was created in line with the data obtained. The opinions of 12 experts from various fields of expertise regarding the prepared substances were sought. As a result of the Lawshe technique applied in line with the feedback from the experts, a 52-item draft form was obtained. With this draft form, a pilot application was made to a group of 42 adults before starting the main application. As a result of the pilot application, the scale was finalized with the evaluation of the items in the draft form. This form was administered to 675 adults (18-61 years old) (xort: 25.95; xss: 6.91). The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 25 and AMOS 24 statistical programs. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a three-dimensional scale consisting of 30 items was obtained. This three-factor structure obtained explains 48.93% of the total variance. In the analysis made in line with the reliability studies, the Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was determined as 910 for the destructive self-criticism sub-dimension, .884 for the constructive self-criticism sub-dimension and .806 for the insufficient self-criticism sub-dimension. For item total-remainder analyzes of the scale sub-dimensions, all values are significant at the (p<.000) level. As a result of the analyzes made regarding the distinctiveness of the scale sub-dimension total scores, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the groups (p<.000). In addition, it is seen that the values of goodness of fit obtained as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis are within the appropriate reference ranges (χ2/ sd=2.472; RMSEA=0.066; SRMR=0.07; IFI=0.961; CFI=0.955; GFI=0.924). The findings obtained as a result of the research reveal that the Self-Criticism Scale (SES) can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in determining the self-criticism levels of adults.
The purpose of this research is to develop a scale to determine the self-criticism levels of adults and to examine it psychometrically. During the scale development process, firstly, the relevant literature was examined and a group of adult individuals were asked to write an essay about self-criticism. An item pool of 106 items was created in line with the data obtained. The opinions of 12 experts from various fields of expertise regarding the prepared substances were sought. As a result of the Lawshe technique applied in line with the feedback from the experts, a 52-item draft form was obtained. With this draft form, a pilot application was made to a group of 42 adults before starting the main application. As a result of the pilot application, the scale was finalized with the evaluation of the items in the draft form. This form was administered to 675 adults (18-61 years old) (xort: 25.95; xss: 6.91). The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 25 and AMOS 24 statistical programs. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a three-dimensional scale consisting of 30 items was obtained. This three-factor structure obtained explains 48.93% of the total variance. In the analysis made in line with the reliability studies, the Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was determined as 910 for the destructive self-criticism sub-dimension, .884 for the constructive self-criticism sub-dimension and .806 for the insufficient self-criticism sub-dimension. For item total-remainder analyzes of the scale sub-dimensions, all values are significant at the (p<.000) level. As a result of the analyzes made regarding the distinctiveness of the scale sub-dimension total scores, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the groups (p<.000). In addition, it is seen that the values of goodness of fit obtained as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis are within the appropriate reference ranges (χ2/ sd=2.472; RMSEA=0.066; SRMR=0.07; IFI=0.961; CFI=0.955; GFI=0.924). The findings obtained as a result of the research reveal that the Self-Criticism Scale (SES) can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in determining the self-criticism levels of adults.
Description
Keywords
Adult, Constructive Self-Criticism, Destructive Self-Criticism, Education, Eğitim, Insufficient Self-Criticism, Ölçek Geliştirme Self-Criticism, Öz Eleştiri, Psikolojik danışmanlık ve rehberlik, Psychological counseling and guidance, Scale Development, Yapıcı Öz Eleştiri, Yetersiz Öz Eleştiri, Yetişkin, Yıkıcı Öz Eleştiri