Publication: Türkmenistan sosyal hayatının ilk devresi : Bolşevik Dergisi (1925-1929)
Abstract
Türkmenistan Sovyet Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşundan hemen sonra 1925’te iki dergi ve bir gazete yayınlanmıştır. Türkmenistan gazetesi, ülkedeki gelişmelerden bahsetmekle beraber haber ağırlıklı bir yayın organıydı. Tokmak dergisi bol karikatür içeren, göze hitap eden bir mizah dergisiydi. Bu teze konu olan Bolşevik dergisi ise Komünist Parti’nin yayın organıydı. Dergi bu beş yıllık dönemde Arap harfleriyle çıkmıştır. Ayda bir yayınlanması planlanmıştı. Fakat çoğu zaman buna uyulmadığı görülmektedir. Türkmenistan’ın kuruluşunu takip eden 5 yıl içinde (Eylül 1925-Nisan 1929) ülkeden gerçekleştirilmesi planlanan bütün dönüştürme projelerini bu dergide görmek mümkündür. Derginin yazar kadrosu da daha ziyade Türkmen devletinin üst kadrolarında görev almış kimselerden oluşuyordu. Dönüştürme projesinin bütün cephelerini (kabilecilikle mücadele, kadınların özgürleştirilmesi, okuma-yazmanın yaygınlaştırılması, kültür devrimi, dil ve alfabe reformu, eski dönemin kalıntılarının tasfiye edilmesi, işçi, çiftçi ve köylülerin desteklenmesi) bu derginin sayfalarında görmek mümkündür. Her ne kadar dergi Parti’nin yayın organı olsa da, bu ilk dönemdeki yazar kadrosunun Türkmen millî menfaatlerini gözettikleri dikkati çekmektedir. Nitekim, bu kadronun önemli bir kısmı repressiya yıllarında tasfiye edilmiştir. Bütün bu gerçekler Bolşevik dergisinin ne kadar önemli bir yayın olduğunu göstermektedir. Tezin en mühim katkısı dergide yazılanların tümünün Latin harflerine aktarılması. Böylelikle, Türkmen Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarına ait önemli bir metin gün ışığına çıkarılmıştır. Dergide yazılanların daha iyi anlaşılması bakımından yazarların hayat hikayeleri de araştırılmıştır. Makaleler incelenerek bu dönemde nasıl bir dönüşümün amaçlandığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, Latin harfli dönem incelenmese bile yazar ve makale listesine bakılarak ne tür değişiklikler olduğu belirlenmeye çalışılmış, bu liste tezin sonunda verilmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, Sovyet idaresinin ilk beş yılında planlanan ve gerçekleştirilen faaliyetlerin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. rkmen basını, Bolşevik dergisi, Sovyet Türkmenistan’ı, Türkmen modernleşmesi.
The Early Period of Türkmen Social Life: The Bolşevik Journal (1925-1929) Two magazines and a newspaper had been started to be published shortly after the foundation of Soviet Republic of Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan newspaper was a news-centered media organ which was focused on the latest developments in the country. Tokmak was a satirical magazine rich in caricatures. On the other hand, Bolşevik magazine, being the subject of this thesis, was the media organ of the Communist Party. The magazine was published with Arabic letters in this five year period right after the foumdation of the Turkmen republic. It was planned to be published monthly. But it is seen that this was not followed. It is possible to witness the traces of all the transformation plans that have been planned to be carried out in the country within the five year period following the foundation of Turkmenistan. Correspondingly, editorial staff of the magazine consisted mainly of senior officials of the Turkmen state. It is possible to see every aspect of the transformation project (fighting tribalism, liberation of women, promoting literacy, cultural revolution, language and alphabet reform, elimination of the remnants of the old era, supporting workers, farmers and villagers) in the pages of this magazine. Although the magazine was the media organ of the Communist Party, prioritization of the national interests by the writers of this early period draws attention. Indeed, an important part of the early editorial staff was sacked in the repression years of 1937 and 1938. All these facts indicate how important Bolşevik magazine was. The most significant contribution of this thesis is the transcription of all writings in the magazine into Roman alphabet. Thus, an influential text regarding early years of the Turkmen Republic is brought to light. Biographies of the writers are also studied in order to comprehend the writings better. It is aimed to detect what kind of a transformation was intended in this era by investigating the articles in the magazine. Besides, it was attempted to identify the changes by surveying the article and writer list in the Roman alphabet period, although the publications in that period were not researched. Thereby, this study aims to contribute to understanding of the actions planned and realized in the first five year period of the Soviet rule in the social and political life of Turkmenistan. Key words: Turkmen Media, Bolşevik magazine, Soviet Turkmenistan, Turkmen
The Early Period of Türkmen Social Life: The Bolşevik Journal (1925-1929) Two magazines and a newspaper had been started to be published shortly after the foundation of Soviet Republic of Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan newspaper was a news-centered media organ which was focused on the latest developments in the country. Tokmak was a satirical magazine rich in caricatures. On the other hand, Bolşevik magazine, being the subject of this thesis, was the media organ of the Communist Party. The magazine was published with Arabic letters in this five year period right after the foumdation of the Turkmen republic. It was planned to be published monthly. But it is seen that this was not followed. It is possible to witness the traces of all the transformation plans that have been planned to be carried out in the country within the five year period following the foundation of Turkmenistan. Correspondingly, editorial staff of the magazine consisted mainly of senior officials of the Turkmen state. It is possible to see every aspect of the transformation project (fighting tribalism, liberation of women, promoting literacy, cultural revolution, language and alphabet reform, elimination of the remnants of the old era, supporting workers, farmers and villagers) in the pages of this magazine. Although the magazine was the media organ of the Communist Party, prioritization of the national interests by the writers of this early period draws attention. Indeed, an important part of the early editorial staff was sacked in the repression years of 1937 and 1938. All these facts indicate how important Bolşevik magazine was. The most significant contribution of this thesis is the transcription of all writings in the magazine into Roman alphabet. Thus, an influential text regarding early years of the Turkmen Republic is brought to light. Biographies of the writers are also studied in order to comprehend the writings better. It is aimed to detect what kind of a transformation was intended in this era by investigating the articles in the magazine. Besides, it was attempted to identify the changes by surveying the article and writer list in the Roman alphabet period, although the publications in that period were not researched. Thereby, this study aims to contribute to understanding of the actions planned and realized in the first five year period of the Soviet rule in the social and political life of Turkmenistan. Key words: Turkmen Media, Bolşevik magazine, Soviet Turkmenistan, Turkmen