Publication: 4721 sayılı kanun hükümlerine göre evlat edinmenin şartları
Abstract
Evlat edinme; kanunda öngörülen esasa ve şekle ilişkin şartların gerçekleşmesi üzerine verilecek mahkeme kararı ile kurulan ve evlat edinen ile evlat edinilen arasında soybağı ilişkisi meydana getiren bir medeni hukuk işlemidir. 4721 sayılı Türk Medenî Kanunu’nun 305. ile 320. maddeleri arasında düzenlenen evlat edinmeye ilişkin kurallarda, uluslararası düzenlemelere uygun olarak, bakıma ve korunmaya muhtaç küçüklerin korunması ve bir aile ortamına kavuşturulması amacından hareket edilmiştir. Evlat edinme kurumunun Kanunda “küçüklerin evlat edinilmesi” ve “ergin ve kısıtlıların evlat edinilmesi” olmak üzere iki ayrı başlık altında düzenlendiğini, evlat edinen bakımından ise “tek başına evlat edinme” ve “birlikte evlat edinme” hallerine özgü olarak farklı koşullar belirlendiğini görmekteyiz. Kanun koyucu taşınılan amaca uygun olarak küçüklerin evlât edilmesini kural, ergin ve kısıtlıların evlât edinilmesini ise istisna olarak düzenlemiş, ergin ve kısıtlıların evlât edinilmesini daha zor koşullara bağlamıştır. Evlat edinme ilişkisi, evlât edinenin oturma yeri, birlikte evlât edinmede ise eşlerden birinin oturma yeri Aile Mahkemesi’nin vereceği karar ile kurulmaktadır. Bu davada, hakime kapsamlı araştırma yapma yükümlülüğü getirilmiştir. Mahkeme evlat edinme kararı verildikten ve bu karar kesinleştikten sonra evlât edinme olayı evlât edinilenin naklen geldiği aile kütüğü ile evlât edinenin aile kütüğüne tescil edilecek ve evlât edinilenin kaydı evlât edinenin aile kütüğüne taşınacaktır
Adoption is an act of civil law occurring on the basis of a court’s decision subject to fulfilment of conditions in respect of both form and substance specified in the respective Act building a family relationship between the adopter and the adopted individual. The driving factor behind adoption, as provided for by the Articles 305th through 320 of Act 4721 of the Turkish Civil Law and in line with international regulations, has been the provision of custody and protection to the adopted individual as well as placement of the adopted within a familial structure. The process of adoption has been arranged under two headings; the first being the adoption of infants and the second one the pubescent and handicapped while from the perspective of the adopter, single-handed or joint adoption categories. The lawmaker has arranged the act of adoption based on rules and pubescence in respect of purpose whereas the adoption of pubescent and the handicapped being regulated on exceptional circumstances, making the adoption of pubescent and the handicapped subject to more difficult conditions. The affinity of adoption is established by the Family Court with reference to the dwelling place of the single-handed adopter or either one of the parents in the case of joint adoption. The judges are under the obligation of conducting a comprehensive investigation in such cases. The adoption will be duly registered in the respective family logs of the adopted and the adopter and the official registration of the adopted will be transferred to the family log of the adopter when the court has made a final decision on the adoption.
Adoption is an act of civil law occurring on the basis of a court’s decision subject to fulfilment of conditions in respect of both form and substance specified in the respective Act building a family relationship between the adopter and the adopted individual. The driving factor behind adoption, as provided for by the Articles 305th through 320 of Act 4721 of the Turkish Civil Law and in line with international regulations, has been the provision of custody and protection to the adopted individual as well as placement of the adopted within a familial structure. The process of adoption has been arranged under two headings; the first being the adoption of infants and the second one the pubescent and handicapped while from the perspective of the adopter, single-handed or joint adoption categories. The lawmaker has arranged the act of adoption based on rules and pubescence in respect of purpose whereas the adoption of pubescent and the handicapped being regulated on exceptional circumstances, making the adoption of pubescent and the handicapped subject to more difficult conditions. The affinity of adoption is established by the Family Court with reference to the dwelling place of the single-handed adopter or either one of the parents in the case of joint adoption. The judges are under the obligation of conducting a comprehensive investigation in such cases. The adoption will be duly registered in the respective family logs of the adopted and the adopter and the official registration of the adopted will be transferred to the family log of the adopter when the court has made a final decision on the adoption.