Publication: Türk Dış Politikasında Paradigma Değişimi ve Ulusal Basına Yansımaları: Örnek Olay İncelemesi
Abstract
Küresel ölçekte yaşanan değişim ve dönüşümlerin uluslararası halkla ilişkilerfaaliyeti olarak kamu diplomasisi uygulamalarını da etkilediği, devletten haricikamulara dönük tek yönlü iletişimin sürdürülebilir olmadığı varsayımından hareketeden bu çalışma, 21.yy kamu diplomasisi yaklaşımı bağlamında dahili kamularımercek altına almaktadır. Bu bağlamda da dahili kamulara ulaşarak, onları kamudiplomasisi faaliyetlerinin katılımcı aktörü olma konusunda bilinçlendirebileceköncelikli araçların başında gelen kitle iletişim aygıtlarının süreçteki rolünüsorgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. İdeoloji ve mülkiyet bileşenlerinin dış politika ve kamudiplomasisi faaliyetlerine dair haber üretimine etkileri var mıdır? Varsa nelerdir?sorularına da cevap aramaktadır. Kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerinin sürdürülebilirliğiaçısından kilit öneme sahip dâhili kamuların rıza ve onayına odaklanan buçalışmada, dâhili kamuları etkileme gücü bağlamında ulusal yazılı basın incelemeyedâhil edilmiştir. Ulusal basın evreninden ideoloji ve mülkiyet bağlamında seçilenörneklem gazetelerinde Davos krizi haberleri Van Dijk’ın “söylem analizi” yaklaşımıile incelemeye alınarak, harici kamularda olumlu algılamaları olan hadisenin, dâhilikamuoyuna sunumunda oluşan farklılaşma incelenmiştir. Örneklem gazetelerindenCumhuriyet ve Sözcü, iktidar karşıtı söylemini, Sabah ise iktidarı olumlayan söyleminikesintisiz olarak devam ettirirken, Hürriyet gazetesinin millî hassasiyetleri de olanörnek vaka bağlamında ‘öteki’ni tenkit ederken, iktidara da dolaylı olarak eleştirisunduğu gözlenmiştir. Yeniçağ, iktidarın milliyetçi söylemlerini meşrulaştırmaklabirlikte ideolojik çizgisini görece uzak bir noktaya konumladığı iktidarın söylem veeylemlerini tenkit eden içeriğe ağırlık vermiştir. Sonuç olarak kamuoyu oluşumundakietkin rolü bağlamında ulusal basının, Filistin meselesine dönük yüksek ilgisi, siyasalelitlere faaliyet alanı açması bakımından anlamlı olup, dâhili-harici kamu dengesinioluşturabilmek açısından eleştirileri minimize edici adımların gerekliliği de ifadeedilmelidir.
Based on the assumption that the global changes and transformations affect the public diplomacy practices with regards to the international public relations, and the one-way communication from the state to the foreign publics is not sustainable, this study investigates the internal publics in the context of the 21st century public diplomacy approach. In this context, it intends to question the role of mass communication devices, which are the primary means of making the internal publics conscious of becoming participatory actors in public diplomacy activities by reaching out to them. Do ideology and property components have an effect on the production of news on the foreign policy and public diplomacy activities? If so, what are the effects? This study is also seeking answers to these questions. This study, focusing on the consent and approval of the internal publics which has the key importance in terms of the sustainability of public diplomacy activities, includes the review of the national press’ power on affecting the internal publics. In the sample newspapers, selected within the context of ideology and property from the National press universe; Davos crisis news are studied by “discourse analysis” approach of Van Dijk and the differentiation occurred in the case, which have positive perceptions in the external public, during the presentation to the external public are analyzed. Among the sample newspapers, it is observed that Cumhuriyet and Sözcü continue to their anti-governmental discourses and Sabah continues to its discourse that affirms the government uninterruptedly. Moreover, Hürriyet is observed as criticizing the “other” in the context of the sample case which also have national sensitivities while making critical commentary about the government indirectly. Although Yeniçağ keeps legitimizing the nationalist discourses of the government, it generally concentrates on the content criticizing the discourses and actions of the government of which the newspaper positions its ideological line relatively to a distant point. Consequently the high interest of the National Press towards the Palestinian issue, in the context of its effective role in the formation of public opinion is significant in terms of enabling field of activity for the political elites. Furthermore the necessity of the steps minimizing the critiques in order to establish the balance between external and internal publics should be expressed.
Based on the assumption that the global changes and transformations affect the public diplomacy practices with regards to the international public relations, and the one-way communication from the state to the foreign publics is not sustainable, this study investigates the internal publics in the context of the 21st century public diplomacy approach. In this context, it intends to question the role of mass communication devices, which are the primary means of making the internal publics conscious of becoming participatory actors in public diplomacy activities by reaching out to them. Do ideology and property components have an effect on the production of news on the foreign policy and public diplomacy activities? If so, what are the effects? This study is also seeking answers to these questions. This study, focusing on the consent and approval of the internal publics which has the key importance in terms of the sustainability of public diplomacy activities, includes the review of the national press’ power on affecting the internal publics. In the sample newspapers, selected within the context of ideology and property from the National press universe; Davos crisis news are studied by “discourse analysis” approach of Van Dijk and the differentiation occurred in the case, which have positive perceptions in the external public, during the presentation to the external public are analyzed. Among the sample newspapers, it is observed that Cumhuriyet and Sözcü continue to their anti-governmental discourses and Sabah continues to its discourse that affirms the government uninterruptedly. Moreover, Hürriyet is observed as criticizing the “other” in the context of the sample case which also have national sensitivities while making critical commentary about the government indirectly. Although Yeniçağ keeps legitimizing the nationalist discourses of the government, it generally concentrates on the content criticizing the discourses and actions of the government of which the newspaper positions its ideological line relatively to a distant point. Consequently the high interest of the National Press towards the Palestinian issue, in the context of its effective role in the formation of public opinion is significant in terms of enabling field of activity for the political elites. Furthermore the necessity of the steps minimizing the critiques in order to establish the balance between external and internal publics should be expressed.