Publication: Astım eğitiminin çocuklarda astım yönetimine ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi
Abstract
Bu araştırma, astımlı çocuklara ve ebeveynlerine yapılan astım eğitiminin, hastalığın yönetimine ve çocukların yaşam kalitesine etkisini belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma, deney öncesi tasarımlardan tek grupta ön test - son test düzenindedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, okula giden 8-13 yaş grubu 120 astımlı çocuk ve annesi oluşturmuştur. Veri tanıtıcı bilgi formu, ev ortamı tanılama formu, günlük astım izlem ve yönetim formu, astım bilgisi değerlendirme formu ve Nasılsınız? yaşam kalitesi ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Bu ölçeğin çocuk formundaki maddelerin alfa katsayısı 0.94, ebeveyn formundakiler 0.91 olarak bulunmuştur. Çocuk ve ebeveynlere astım eğitimi araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan el kitabı paralelinde eğitim yapılmıştır. Çocukların astım yönetimi üç ay boyunca izlenmiş ve tekrar yaşam kalitesi ölçeği ile ev ortamı tanılama formu uygulanmıştır. Üç aylık izlem döneminde çocuklardan %97.5'inin 1-19 arası astım belirtisi yaşadığı, %30.0'unun 1-3 gün okula gidemediği, %30.8'inin hekime, %13.3'ünün acile gittiği, %4.2'sinin hastaneye yattığı ve %28.3 'ünün bronkodilatatör kullandığı görülmüştür. Ancak tüm astım belirtilerinin 2. ve 3. ayda yaşanma oranları düşmüş, bu düşüş çoğunda istatistiksel analizlerle desteklenmiştir. Yine, çocukların üç ay sonunda ölçülen yaşam kalitesi puanları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış göstermiştir. Çocukların büyük çoğunluğu 1-23 tetikleyiciye maruz kalmıştır. Ev dışı tetikleyicilerin hiçbirine karşı önlem alınamazken; ev içi tetikleyicilerin çoğunluğunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düşüş saptanmıştır. Ancak kolayca ortadan kaldırılabilecek tetikleyicilerin üç ay sonunda ailelerin %0.8 ile %59.2'sinde halen var olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bulgulara göre eğitimin astım tetikleyicilerinin azaltılması, böylece hastalık belirtilerinin daha az yaşanıp yaşam kalitesinin yükselmesinde etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Astım, astım yönetimi, yaşam kalitesi 1.
EFFECTS OF ASTHMA EDUCATION ON ASTHMA MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN CHILDREN The aim of this research is to identify effects of asthma education given to children with asthma and their parents on the management of the disease and on children's quality of life. The research was structured as Pretest - Posttest in One Group designed. The sample of the research covered 120 children with asthma in 8-13 age span attending to school and their mothers. Data were collected by information form, home environment evaluation form, daily asthma follow-up and management form and How are you? quality of life. Alpha coefficient of items in children form at scale was found 0.94, and it was found 0.91 for parents form. The education was carried out with children and their parents in parallel with asthma education handbook. Asthma management of the children has been monitored for three months, quality of life scale and diagnosis at home forms were applied beginning and end of the study. It has been found during the three-month monitoring period that 97.5% of the children experienced 1-19 asthma symptoms, 30.0% could not attend to school for 1-3 days, 30.8% have visited physicians and 13.3% emergency services, 4.2% have been hospitalized, and 28.3% used bronchodilator. Prevalence of symptoms, however, has decreased in the second and third months, often supported by statistical analyses. Children's quality of life scores calculated at the end of the three-month period also displayed statistically significant increased. Most of the children had been exposed to 1-23 trigger factors within the three months. No measures were taken for trigger factors out of home, while significant decreases were noted for trigger factors inside at home. However, it has been found at the end of the three months that trigger factors inside at home which could be easily eliminated, were still present in 0.8% and 59.2% of the families. In conclusion, the results have shown that education could be effective in decreasing asthma triggering factors, which would in turn increase the quality of life by decreasing the number of symptoms experienced. Key Words: Asthma, asthma management, quality of life
EFFECTS OF ASTHMA EDUCATION ON ASTHMA MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN CHILDREN The aim of this research is to identify effects of asthma education given to children with asthma and their parents on the management of the disease and on children's quality of life. The research was structured as Pretest - Posttest in One Group designed. The sample of the research covered 120 children with asthma in 8-13 age span attending to school and their mothers. Data were collected by information form, home environment evaluation form, daily asthma follow-up and management form and How are you? quality of life. Alpha coefficient of items in children form at scale was found 0.94, and it was found 0.91 for parents form. The education was carried out with children and their parents in parallel with asthma education handbook. Asthma management of the children has been monitored for three months, quality of life scale and diagnosis at home forms were applied beginning and end of the study. It has been found during the three-month monitoring period that 97.5% of the children experienced 1-19 asthma symptoms, 30.0% could not attend to school for 1-3 days, 30.8% have visited physicians and 13.3% emergency services, 4.2% have been hospitalized, and 28.3% used bronchodilator. Prevalence of symptoms, however, has decreased in the second and third months, often supported by statistical analyses. Children's quality of life scores calculated at the end of the three-month period also displayed statistically significant increased. Most of the children had been exposed to 1-23 trigger factors within the three months. No measures were taken for trigger factors out of home, while significant decreases were noted for trigger factors inside at home. However, it has been found at the end of the three months that trigger factors inside at home which could be easily eliminated, were still present in 0.8% and 59.2% of the families. In conclusion, the results have shown that education could be effective in decreasing asthma triggering factors, which would in turn increase the quality of life by decreasing the number of symptoms experienced. Key Words: Asthma, asthma management, quality of life