Publication: Balkanlar’da Alevi Bektaşilik
Abstract
Türkler’in Orta Asya’dan Batı’ya uzanan yolculukları çerçevesinde, değişik kültür havzalarından beslenerek oluşturdukları bir birikimin İslam içindeki yorumu olarak; Alevi-Bektaşi inanışları henüz bu adla anılmadan Balkanlar’a Osmanlı’dan önce en azından farklı isimler altında da olsa ortak form ve kültler olarak taşınmıştır. Alevi, Bektaşi, Bedreddini, Babai, Kızılbaş gibi isimler hep bu ortak formun adıdırlar. Osmanlı’nın Balkanlar’a yerleşmesi ve kendi kültürünü yerleşik hale getirmesi sürecinde önemli bir yer işgal eden derviş gruplarından Bektaşiler, bölgenin imar, iskanı ile Türkleşmesi ve nihayet İslamlaşmasında önemli rol oynamışlardır. Bu dönemde Osmanlı Devleti’nin özel himayesinde bulunan Bektaşilik, tüm Balkan ülkelerinde ayrı ayrı faaliyet göstermiş, yeniçeri ocağının kapatılmasıyla devlet gözetimine alınmasına rağmen, Balkan Bektaşiliği bu durumdan Anadolu’da olduğu kadar etkilenmemiştir. Balkan Bektaşiliğini etkileyen daha çok bu coğrafyada Osmanlı hakimiyetinin bitişi ve pan-slavist akımlarla başlayıp sosyalist idareler dönemiyle devam eden sürecin politik sonuçları olmuştur. Bugün Balkanlar’da Alevi-Bektaşi nüfusu önce Arnavutluk, daha sonra Bulgaristan’da yoğun bir şekilde, Makedonya, Kosova gibi ülkelerde ise sınırlı sayıda bulunmakta, diğer bölge ülkelerinde kayda değer bir varlık olarak yer almamaktadır.
During their journeys from Central Asia to the West, the Turks have developed a pot that includes many cultures and from these cultures, they have created a way of Islam. The belief of Alevi/ Bektashi has come to Balkans before the Ottoman Empire period with different names but a unique form. Alevi, Bektashi, Bedreddini, Babai and Kızılbas are some of the names that identify this form. During the Ottoman Empire settlement to these lands and establishment of its own culture in the area, Bektashies, that have great importance in this period, have had a great role through the period that the area has turned to be Turkish and Islamic. In this duration, the Bektashi order was under the private control of the government and had been active in Balkan countries, seperately: but altough they have been under the control of the government after the closure of Janissary corps, Balkan Bektashi order was not effected from the situation. The most important things that effected Balkan Bektashi order were that Ottoman Empire had lost its domination in this area and the period that started with panslavist movements and continued with socialist controls had caused political results. Recently, the most densely population of Bektashi is, first, in Albania, then in Bulgaria. In such countries like Macedonia and Kosovo, there are limited Bektashi people:but in other countries, there aren’t any Bektashi population.
During their journeys from Central Asia to the West, the Turks have developed a pot that includes many cultures and from these cultures, they have created a way of Islam. The belief of Alevi/ Bektashi has come to Balkans before the Ottoman Empire period with different names but a unique form. Alevi, Bektashi, Bedreddini, Babai and Kızılbas are some of the names that identify this form. During the Ottoman Empire settlement to these lands and establishment of its own culture in the area, Bektashies, that have great importance in this period, have had a great role through the period that the area has turned to be Turkish and Islamic. In this duration, the Bektashi order was under the private control of the government and had been active in Balkan countries, seperately: but altough they have been under the control of the government after the closure of Janissary corps, Balkan Bektashi order was not effected from the situation. The most important things that effected Balkan Bektashi order were that Ottoman Empire had lost its domination in this area and the period that started with panslavist movements and continued with socialist controls had caused political results. Recently, the most densely population of Bektashi is, first, in Albania, then in Bulgaria. In such countries like Macedonia and Kosovo, there are limited Bektashi people:but in other countries, there aren’t any Bektashi population.