Publication: Türkiye'de belediyeler için benimsenmiş olan stratejik planlama yaklaşımının stratejik yönetim ekolleri açısından değerlendirilmesi : bir model önerisi
Abstract
Tarihsel açıdan 1960-1980 yılları arasındaki evre stratejik planlama anlayışı dönemi olarak görülmektedir. Stratejik planlama anlayışının gelişim dönemi olarak literatürde bu evrede yoğunlaşılmaktadır. 1980'li yıllarda gelişim gösteren neoliberal politikaların devletin piyasadaki pozisyonunu yeniden yorumlaması ile yeni kamu yönetimi anlayışının yaygınlaşması neticesinde; etkin ve verimli bir yönetim düzeninin sağlanması düşüncesi hakim olmuştur. Bu yaklaşımlarla ilişkili olarak stratejik yönetim anlayışı; sivil toplum kuruluşları ve devletler tarafından uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Literatürde etkili stratejiler geliştirme, bunları uygulama ve sonuçlarını değerlendirme döngüsüne farklı perspektiflerden bakan çeşitli yaklaşımlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Stratejik yönetim ekolleri ve modelleri olarak isimlendirilen bu yaklaşımlar Mintzberg, Ahlstrand ve Lampel tarafından sistematik hale getirilmiştir. Literatürde bu ekoller; Tasarım, Planlama, Konumlandırma, Girişimcilik, Bilişsel, Öğrenme, Güç (politik), Kültür, Çevre ve Şekilsel olmak üzere on başlık altında toplanmaktadır. Okulların stratejiye yaklaşımları; kuralcı, tanımlayıcı ve bütünleştirici model olmak üzere üç başlıkta incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de belediyeler için benimsenen stratejik planlama anlayışını stratejik yönetim ekolleri bağlamında incelemek, benimsenen ekol/ model çerçevesinde ortaya çıkan sorun alanlarını tespit etmek ve bir model önerisi geliştirmektir. Araştırmada, nitel yaklaşım desenleri içinde yer alan durum çalışması deseni benimsenmiştir. Türkiye'nin yedi farklı bölgesinde nüfus yoğunluğu en fazla olan yedi büyükşehir belediyesi amaçlı örnekleme metoduyla belirlenmiştir. Saha araştırmasının Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı ayağında üç örneklem yer almıştır. Bu katılımcılar kartopu örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formu üzerinden toplanan veriler MAXQDA analiz desteğiyle kodlanmış ve çeşitli bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Türkiye'deki sistemin sorun alanları tespit edilmiş ve bulgulardan yola çıkarak model önerisi geliştirilmiştir.
Historically, the period between 1960 and 1980 is seen as the period of strategic planning understanding. The literature focuses on this phase as the development period of strategic planning. As a result of the reinterpretation of the state's position in the market by neoliberal policies that developed in the 1980s and the spread of the new public administration approach, the idea of providing an effective and efficient management order has become dominant. About these approaches, the strategic management approach has started to be implemented by non-governmental organizations and governments. Various approaches have emerged in the literature that look at the cycle of developing effective strategies, implementing them and evaluating their results from different perspectives. These approaches, called strategic management schools and models, were systematized by Mintzberg, Ahlstrand and Lampel. The literature categorizes these schools under ten headings: Design, Planning, Positioning, Entrepreneurship, Cognitive, Learning, Power (political), Culture, Environment and Formal. Schools' approaches to strategy are examined under three headings: prescriptive, descriptive and integrative models. The study aims to examine the strategic planning approach adopted for municipalities in Türkiye in the context of strategic management schools, identify the problem areas that arise within the framework of the adopted school/ model, and develop a model proposal. In the research, a case study design, which is one of the qualitative approach designs, was adopted. Seven metropolitan municipalities with the highest population density in seven different regions of Türkiye were selected by purposive sampling. Three samples participated in the field research at the Presidency of Strategy and Budget. These participants were selected using the snowball sampling method. The data collected through semi-structured interview forms were coded with the support of MAXQDA analysis software, and various findings were obtained. Problem areas of the system in Türkiye were identified, and a model proposal was developed based on the findings.
Historically, the period between 1960 and 1980 is seen as the period of strategic planning understanding. The literature focuses on this phase as the development period of strategic planning. As a result of the reinterpretation of the state's position in the market by neoliberal policies that developed in the 1980s and the spread of the new public administration approach, the idea of providing an effective and efficient management order has become dominant. About these approaches, the strategic management approach has started to be implemented by non-governmental organizations and governments. Various approaches have emerged in the literature that look at the cycle of developing effective strategies, implementing them and evaluating their results from different perspectives. These approaches, called strategic management schools and models, were systematized by Mintzberg, Ahlstrand and Lampel. The literature categorizes these schools under ten headings: Design, Planning, Positioning, Entrepreneurship, Cognitive, Learning, Power (political), Culture, Environment and Formal. Schools' approaches to strategy are examined under three headings: prescriptive, descriptive and integrative models. The study aims to examine the strategic planning approach adopted for municipalities in Türkiye in the context of strategic management schools, identify the problem areas that arise within the framework of the adopted school/ model, and develop a model proposal. In the research, a case study design, which is one of the qualitative approach designs, was adopted. Seven metropolitan municipalities with the highest population density in seven different regions of Türkiye were selected by purposive sampling. Three samples participated in the field research at the Presidency of Strategy and Budget. These participants were selected using the snowball sampling method. The data collected through semi-structured interview forms were coded with the support of MAXQDA analysis software, and various findings were obtained. Problem areas of the system in Türkiye were identified, and a model proposal was developed based on the findings.