Publication: Kemik doku mühendisliği için 3 boyutlu yazım teknolojisi kullanılarak PRP yüklü iskelelerin üretimi
Abstract
Kemik bozuklukları, insan vücudundaki kemik dokusunun yapısında, gelişiminde ve işlevlerinde çeşitli anormallikleri ifade eder ve bunların yaşlanma, yetersiz fiziksel aktivite ve artan obezite ile önemli bir ilişkisi vardır. Kemik dokusu mühendisliğindeki yeni gelişmeler, biyomalzemelerin, büyüme faktörlerinin ve hücrelerin bir kombinasyonunu kullanarak fonksiyonel kemik dokusunun oluşumunu teşvik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, 3B baskı işlemini kullanarak jelatin (GEL) / sodyum aljinat (SA) / hidroksiapatit (HA) / trombositten zengin plazma (PRP) bileşimi ile iskelelerin imalatı ve karakterizasyonuna odaklanmaktadır. Kandan izole edilen PRP, çeşitli büyüme faktörleri yoluyla kemik yenilenmesini teşvik etme kabiliyeti nedeniyle GEL/ SA/ HA yapı iskelelerine dahil edildi. 3B baskılı iskelelerin yüzey morfolojisini incelemek için taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) analizi, ortalama gözenek boyutlarının 481,50 ± 7,65 ila 623,96 ± 11,54 µm olduğunu ortaya çıkardı. Ayrıca SEM sonuçları, PRP konsantrasyonu arttıkça iskele yüzeyinin pürüzsüz hale geldiğini gösterdi. Mekanik test sonuçları, PRP arttıkça basınç dayanımının azaldığını gösterdi. İskelelerin şişme ve bozunma davranışları incelendiğinde GEL/ SA/ HA/ 3PRP iskelelerin 4. güne kadar yaklaşık %200 şişme kabiliyeti sergilediği görüldü. GEL/ SA/ HA iskeleleri diğer gruplarla karşılaştırıldığında yaklaşık %70 daha yüksek bir bozunma davranışı gösterdi. PRP'nin kontrollü salım profili iskelelerden 144. 216. ve 240. saatlere kadar sürdü. İskelelerin salınım kinetiğindeki en yüksek korelasyon katsayılarına (R2) göre GEL/ SA/ HA/ 0.5PRP ve GEL/ SA/ HA/ 1PRP iskeleleri birinci dereceden modelle açıklanmıştır. Buna karşılık GEL/ SA/ HA/ 3PRP iskelesi Korsmeyer-Peppas modeli kullanılarak tanımlandı. Osteoblast hücreleriyle yapılan MTT analizinde iskelelerin herhangi bir toksik etki göstermediği ve uzantı oluşumunu indükleyerek hücre yapışmasını kolaylaştırdığı görüldü. Bu sonuçlar, PRP ilaveli GEL/ SA/ HA kompozitlerinin, kemik bozukluklarının iyileştirilmesi için kemik doku mühendisliğinde yeni bir tedavi yaklaşımını temsil edebileceğini göstermektedir.
Bone disorders signify diverse abnormalities in the structure, development, and functions of bone tissue in the human body, with a significant correlation to ageing, insufficient physical activity, and escalating obesity. New advancements in bone tissue engineering seek to promote the formation of functional bone tissue by employing a combination of biomaterials, growth factors, and cells. The present study focuses on the fabrication and characterisation of scaffolds with a composition of gelatin (GEL) / sodium alginate (SA) / hydroxyapatite (HA) / platelet-rich plasma (PRP) using the 3D printing process. PRP, isolated from blood, was incorporated into GEL/ SA/ HA scaffolds due to its ability to promote bone regeneration through various growth factors. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis to examine the surface morphology of 3D printed scaffolds revealed that the average pore sizes were 481.50 ± 7.65 to 623.96 ± 11.54 µm. Also, SEM results indicated that the surface of the scaffolds became smooth as the concentration of PRP increased. The mechanical test results demonstrated that as the PRP increased, the compressive strength decreased. When the swelling and degradation behaviours of scaffolds were examined, it was observed that GEL/ SA/ HA/ 3PRP scaffolds exhibited approximately 200% swelling capability until the 4th day. GEL/ SA/ HA scaffolds showed a degradation behaviour about 70% higher compared to other groups. A controlled release profile of PRP was maintained up to the 144th, 216th, and 240th hours from the scaffolds. According to the highest correlation coefficients (R2) in the release kinetics of scaffolds, GEL/ SA/ HA/ 0.5PRP and GEL/ SA/ HA/ 1PRP scaffolds were explained by the first-order model. In contrast, the GEL/ SA/ HA/ 3PRP scaffold was described using the Korsmeyer Peppas model. The MTT analysis conducted with osteoblast cells showed that scaffolds did not demonstrate any toxic effects and facilitated cell adhesion by inducing the formation of extensions. These results indicate that PRP-incorporated GEL/ SA/ HA composites may represent a novel treatment approach in bone tissue engineering for healing bone disorders.
Bone disorders signify diverse abnormalities in the structure, development, and functions of bone tissue in the human body, with a significant correlation to ageing, insufficient physical activity, and escalating obesity. New advancements in bone tissue engineering seek to promote the formation of functional bone tissue by employing a combination of biomaterials, growth factors, and cells. The present study focuses on the fabrication and characterisation of scaffolds with a composition of gelatin (GEL) / sodium alginate (SA) / hydroxyapatite (HA) / platelet-rich plasma (PRP) using the 3D printing process. PRP, isolated from blood, was incorporated into GEL/ SA/ HA scaffolds due to its ability to promote bone regeneration through various growth factors. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis to examine the surface morphology of 3D printed scaffolds revealed that the average pore sizes were 481.50 ± 7.65 to 623.96 ± 11.54 µm. Also, SEM results indicated that the surface of the scaffolds became smooth as the concentration of PRP increased. The mechanical test results demonstrated that as the PRP increased, the compressive strength decreased. When the swelling and degradation behaviours of scaffolds were examined, it was observed that GEL/ SA/ HA/ 3PRP scaffolds exhibited approximately 200% swelling capability until the 4th day. GEL/ SA/ HA scaffolds showed a degradation behaviour about 70% higher compared to other groups. A controlled release profile of PRP was maintained up to the 144th, 216th, and 240th hours from the scaffolds. According to the highest correlation coefficients (R2) in the release kinetics of scaffolds, GEL/ SA/ HA/ 0.5PRP and GEL/ SA/ HA/ 1PRP scaffolds were explained by the first-order model. In contrast, the GEL/ SA/ HA/ 3PRP scaffold was described using the Korsmeyer Peppas model. The MTT analysis conducted with osteoblast cells showed that scaffolds did not demonstrate any toxic effects and facilitated cell adhesion by inducing the formation of extensions. These results indicate that PRP-incorporated GEL/ SA/ HA composites may represent a novel treatment approach in bone tissue engineering for healing bone disorders.