Publication: Sahîhayn'ın itibar kazanma sürecinde bir râvi hakkındaki tenkitlerin geçirdiği serüven : İsmail b. Ebî Üveys örneği
Abstract
Sahîhayn itibarının etki alanı moderniteye kadar giderek genişlemiştir. Bu etki alanının kapsamını tespit etmek üzere farklı alanlarda Sahîhayn temalı okumaların yapılması elzemdir. Bu çalışmada ise Sahîhayn’ın süreç içerisinde giderek artan itibarının münekkitlerin râvi tenkit faaliyetlerini nasıl etkilediği sorusuna cevap bulmak, böylece ricâl literatürüne dair yapılan tematik bir okumayla ricâl tenkidi tarihine dair farklı ve cüzi bir bağlamı ortaya koymak ve hadis tarihinde farklı alanlardaki etkilerini inceleyerek Sahîhayn’ın itibar kazanma sürecine dair akademik çalışmalara katkı sağlamak hedeflenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda cerh-ta‘dîl âlimleri ve ricâl müelliflerinin çalışmanın örneklemi olarak belirlenen İsmail b. Ebî Üveys’e (ö. 226/ 841) karşı yaklaşımları Sahîhayn’ın itibar kazanma sürecine paralel olarak takip edilmiştir. Râvi hakkında nihai bir cerh-ta‘dîl hükmü verme gayesi gütmeyen ve hacmi ve araştırmanın niteliğini korumak için bir râvi örneklemiyle sınırlandırılan bu çalışmada vazzâ‘lığa kadar varan ağır ithamlarla anılan İbn Ebî Üveys’in hakkındaki tartışmalar sebebiyle önemli veriler sunacağı düşünülmüştür. Her asırda münekkitlerin râviye yaklaşımı Sahîhayn itibarının ulaştığı seviye ışığında ele alındıktan sonra Sahîhayn’daki rivayetleri üzerinden Şeyhayn’ın râviyi alımlama biçimi ve eserlerdeki konumu tespit edilerek râvi hakkındaki tenkitlerle mukayese edilmiştir. Bu sayede hem râvi hakkındaki tenkitlerin Sahîhayn’daki rivayetlerine gölge düşürüp düşüremeyeceği hem de münekkitlerin Şeyhayn’ın râviye yaklaşımıyla ilgili yorumlarının isabetli olup olmadığı tartışılmıştır. Nihayetinde muteber hadis kitaplarına dayanma eğilimi arttıkça müelliflerin Sahîhayn’a atfettikleri mutlak otorite sebebiyle eserlerdeki mecrûh bir râvi hakkında cerhleri tevil etme, ta‘dîllere odaklanma, Şeyhayn’ın rivayetini ta‘dîl sayma veya râviden hadis tahricini gerekçelendirme gibi eğilimlerinin de arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşılık Şeyhayn’ın İbn Ebî Üveys’in rivayetlerini sadece sened tahliliyle yetinmeyip çok yönlü bir tenkide tabi tutarak eserlerine dâhil ettiği, eserlerde rivayetlerini farklı tariklerle destekleyerek rivayetlerin sıhhatini ortaya koydukları gösterilerek râvinin Sahîhayn’daki konumunun hakkındaki tenkitlere muhalif bir durum oluşturmadığı ileri sürülmüştür.
Reputation of Sahihayn had an ever expanding sphere of influence until the modernity. In order to determine the scope of this sphere it is crucial to operate thematic studies focused on Sahihayn. In this study it is aimed to discover how has the growing reputation of Sahihayn as a measure in science of hadith affected the critics of jarh-tadil experts. Thereby a different and particular context of history of rijal would be revealed and showing effects of the reputation process in divergent fields of hadith history would contribute the academic works about history of Sahihayn. For that purpose, approachs of rijal authors against Ismail b. Abi Uways who is the determined sample of this study is analyzed correspondingly with the process of growth of Sahihayn reputation. In this study it isn’t aimed to determine final judgement about Ismail’s reliability. Also, to not extend the study and to protect the quality of investigation it is limited with one sample. Therefore, Ibn Abi Uways as a controversial transmitter who is blamed even with fabricating hadith is seems to present important datas as a sample. Firstly, in this study opinions of rijal critics about the sample is examined in the light of the stage that reputatition of Sahihayn has reached in the relevant century. Afterward the writers’ treatment of the transmitter and his place within Sahihayn is discovered through his hadiths and then compared with the critics about him. By this means, it is discussed that if the critics about Ismail cast doubt over his transmissions in Sahihayn and whether interpretations of scholars about the approach of Bukhari and Muslim to the transmitter are right or not. It is determined that as the tendency of reliance on the reputable hadith books increased, critics became more inclined toward interpreating blames about a criticized transmitter, emphasizing praises about him, accepting being a transmitter in Sahihayn as a sufficient reason for tadil or legitimazing to transmit the hadith of a unreliable transmitter because of the authority they attributed to Sahihayn. On the other hand, it would be argued that Ismail’s place in Sahihayn is not contradictory with the critics about him with regard to Bukhari’s and Muslim’s versatile method and demonstration of his tranmissions authenticity by supporting with other reliable tarikhs.
Reputation of Sahihayn had an ever expanding sphere of influence until the modernity. In order to determine the scope of this sphere it is crucial to operate thematic studies focused on Sahihayn. In this study it is aimed to discover how has the growing reputation of Sahihayn as a measure in science of hadith affected the critics of jarh-tadil experts. Thereby a different and particular context of history of rijal would be revealed and showing effects of the reputation process in divergent fields of hadith history would contribute the academic works about history of Sahihayn. For that purpose, approachs of rijal authors against Ismail b. Abi Uways who is the determined sample of this study is analyzed correspondingly with the process of growth of Sahihayn reputation. In this study it isn’t aimed to determine final judgement about Ismail’s reliability. Also, to not extend the study and to protect the quality of investigation it is limited with one sample. Therefore, Ibn Abi Uways as a controversial transmitter who is blamed even with fabricating hadith is seems to present important datas as a sample. Firstly, in this study opinions of rijal critics about the sample is examined in the light of the stage that reputatition of Sahihayn has reached in the relevant century. Afterward the writers’ treatment of the transmitter and his place within Sahihayn is discovered through his hadiths and then compared with the critics about him. By this means, it is discussed that if the critics about Ismail cast doubt over his transmissions in Sahihayn and whether interpretations of scholars about the approach of Bukhari and Muslim to the transmitter are right or not. It is determined that as the tendency of reliance on the reputable hadith books increased, critics became more inclined toward interpreating blames about a criticized transmitter, emphasizing praises about him, accepting being a transmitter in Sahihayn as a sufficient reason for tadil or legitimazing to transmit the hadith of a unreliable transmitter because of the authority they attributed to Sahihayn. On the other hand, it would be argued that Ismail’s place in Sahihayn is not contradictory with the critics about him with regard to Bukhari’s and Muslim’s versatile method and demonstration of his tranmissions authenticity by supporting with other reliable tarikhs.