Publication: Arap milliyetçiliği ve laiklik : Suriye Baas Partisi iktidarı örneği
Abstract
ÖZETAvrupa’da 1789 Fransız Devrimi’nden sonra siyasi bir model şeklini almaya başlayan laiklik, Arap Dünyası’nda 19. Yüzyıl’ın ortalarından itibaren Suriye ve Lübnan’daki edebi ve kültürel alandaki gelişmeler neticesinde ve Arap milliyetçiliği düşüncesinde kendini hissettirmeye başlamıştır. Arap Hristiyan aydınların öncü rol oynadıkları bu akım daha sonra Arap Dünyası’nın en önemli fikir akımlarından biri hâline gelmiştir. Ancak çoğunluğu Müslüman inanca sahip olan bir toplumda laiklik, toplumun büyük bir kısmı tarafından katı bir muhalefetle karşılaşmıştır. Ortak dil ve ortak tarih esasları üzerinde “modern bir Arap ulusu” inşa etme iddiasındaki Arap milliyetçiliği düşüncesi, 1963 yılında Baas Partisi ile birlikte askeri bir darbeyle iktidara geldi. Ancak Suriye’de Baas Partisi ile beraber devlet yönetiminde ve iktidar savaşlarında din-siyaset ilişkisi her zaman problemli olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Suriye’de 1963 yılında yönetimi eline alan Baas Partisi’nin ve dayandığı Arap milliyetçiliği modelinin laiklik ile olan ilişkisi ele alınıp açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.
ABSTRACTSecularism, which started to take the form of a political model after the French Revolution of 1789 in Europe, started to influence the thought of Arab Nationalism in the Arab World from the middle of the 19th century as a result of the developments in the literary and cultural fields in Syria and Lebanon. This trend, in which Arab Christian intellectuals played a leading role, later became one of the most important intellectual streams of thought in the Arab World. However, in a society with a predominantly Muslim faith, secularism faced strong opposition from the majority of society. The idea of Arab Nationalism claiming to build a modern Arab nation on the basis of common language and common history, came to power in 1963 in a military coup with the Ba'ath Party. However, the relationship between religion and politics has always been problematic in state administration and power wars after the Ba'ath Party came to power in Syria. In this study, the relationship between the secularism and Ba'ath Party and its Arab Nationalism model will be discussed and explained.
ABSTRACTSecularism, which started to take the form of a political model after the French Revolution of 1789 in Europe, started to influence the thought of Arab Nationalism in the Arab World from the middle of the 19th century as a result of the developments in the literary and cultural fields in Syria and Lebanon. This trend, in which Arab Christian intellectuals played a leading role, later became one of the most important intellectual streams of thought in the Arab World. However, in a society with a predominantly Muslim faith, secularism faced strong opposition from the majority of society. The idea of Arab Nationalism claiming to build a modern Arab nation on the basis of common language and common history, came to power in 1963 in a military coup with the Ba'ath Party. However, the relationship between religion and politics has always been problematic in state administration and power wars after the Ba'ath Party came to power in Syria. In this study, the relationship between the secularism and Ba'ath Party and its Arab Nationalism model will be discussed and explained.