Publication: İbn Sînâ felsefesinde mümkün olguların burhana konu olması
Abstract
İBN SÎNÂ FELSEFESİNDE MÜMKÜN OLGULARIN BURHANA KONU OLMASI Bu çalışmada İbn Sînâ felsefesinde mümkün olguların, burhani kıyasın maddesi olmaları bakımından durumları incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda, mesele ilk olarak yöntem düzeyinde incelenerek, İbn Sînâ’nın tecrübe ile mümkün olgular arasında kurduğu ilişkiden hareketle hangi tür mümkünlerin burhana konu olabildiğinin soruşturması yapılmaktadır. Bu aşamada İbn Sînâ’nın, bir tür zorunluluğa sahip olmaları sebebiyle yalnızca çoğunlukla gerçekleşen mümkünleri burhanın maddesine dahil ettiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sonraki aşamada ise İbn Sina’nın İşârât’ta, azlıkla gerçekleşen mümkünleri de burhanın maddesine dahil ettiği tespit edilmektedir. İbn Sînâ’nın bunu, önerme düzeyinde kabulü zorunlu olmak, kıyas düzeyinde ise öncüllerin sonuçla uyumlu olması biçimindeki kesinlik yorumuna dayanarak yaptığı anlaşılmaktadır. İbn Sînâ bu kesinlik yorumuyla, burhanın maddesi bakımından durumunu, kesinliğin elde edilmesinde önemsiz bir faktör haline getirmektedir. İşârât şârihleri, İbn Sînâ’nın bu burhani kesinlik yorumunu, zorunlu olmayan hükme eklenen ikinci bir zorunluluk olarak ifade etmektedirler. İbn Sînâ bu burhani kesinlik anlayışı sayesinde, tüm doğa bilimlerinde burhani kesinliğin elde edilebildiğinin savunulmasına imkân vermektedir. Kitâbü’l-Hayevân metninin örnekliği üzerinden, İbn Sînâ’nın kendi felsefi sisteminde, bu nihai kesinlik yorumuna mutabık bir araştırma gerçekleştirdiği ve bu bakımdan iç tutarlılığa sahip olduğu görülmektedir.
THE POSSIBLE PHENOMENES AS THE TOPIC OF AL-BURHAN IN AVICENNA'S PHILOSOPHYIn this study, we discuss the possible phenomenes as the topic of al-burhan in Avicenna's philosophy. In this context, firstly we examine the issue on a methodological leveland research about what kinds of possible phenomenes can be the subject of al-burhan, based on the relationship that Avicenna established between experience and possible phenomenes. Here, it is concluded that only possible phenomenes that occur mostly can be considered as the subject of al-burhan, since they have a kind of necessity in terms of forming the content of the method of experience. In the second part, which includes the second stage, it has been determined that Avicenna included the possible phenomenes that occur with the minority in the article of al-Burhan, with the interpretation of certainty that the acceptance is obligatory at the propositional level and that the premises are compatible with the conclusion at the comparative level in al-Isharat. With this interpretation of certainty, Ibn Sînâ makes the situation of al-burhan an insignificant factor in obtaining certainty. The commentators of al-Isharat have stated that Ibn Sînâ's interpretation of this certainty regarding al-burhan is a second type of necessity added to the non-obligatory provision. Avicenna, through this understanding of certainty about al-burhan, allow it to be argued that a certainty about al-burhan could be obtained in all natural sciences. Through the example of the Kitab al-Hayawan text, it has been seen that Avicenna carried out a research in his own philosophical system in agreement with this interpretation of final certainty, and in this respect, he had internal consistency.
THE POSSIBLE PHENOMENES AS THE TOPIC OF AL-BURHAN IN AVICENNA'S PHILOSOPHYIn this study, we discuss the possible phenomenes as the topic of al-burhan in Avicenna's philosophy. In this context, firstly we examine the issue on a methodological leveland research about what kinds of possible phenomenes can be the subject of al-burhan, based on the relationship that Avicenna established between experience and possible phenomenes. Here, it is concluded that only possible phenomenes that occur mostly can be considered as the subject of al-burhan, since they have a kind of necessity in terms of forming the content of the method of experience. In the second part, which includes the second stage, it has been determined that Avicenna included the possible phenomenes that occur with the minority in the article of al-Burhan, with the interpretation of certainty that the acceptance is obligatory at the propositional level and that the premises are compatible with the conclusion at the comparative level in al-Isharat. With this interpretation of certainty, Ibn Sînâ makes the situation of al-burhan an insignificant factor in obtaining certainty. The commentators of al-Isharat have stated that Ibn Sînâ's interpretation of this certainty regarding al-burhan is a second type of necessity added to the non-obligatory provision. Avicenna, through this understanding of certainty about al-burhan, allow it to be argued that a certainty about al-burhan could be obtained in all natural sciences. Through the example of the Kitab al-Hayawan text, it has been seen that Avicenna carried out a research in his own philosophical system in agreement with this interpretation of final certainty, and in this respect, he had internal consistency.