Publication: Amaç, yapı ve işleyiş yönünden fıkıh mezhebi
Abstract
Genel olarak mezhep ve daha hususi olarak fıkıh mezhepleri özellikle modern dönem araştırmalarda ilgi konusu olmuştur. Fıkıhta mezhebin anlam çerçevesi, fıkıh mezheplerinin doğuşu, teşekkülü, yayılması ve ilgili süreçler hakkında gerek oryantalist çevrelerde, gerek İslâm dünyasında çok sayıda araştırma yapılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen araştırma ve tartışmalar neticesinde ilgili konular hakkında çeşitli yaklaşımlar ortaya konmuş, fıkıh mezheplerinin doğası, yapısı ve işlevi hakkında farklı tasavvurlar teklif edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada fıkıh mezheplerini açıklamaya yönelik daha önceki yaklaşımları kuşatacak, kendi bünyesinde anlamlı kılacak ve söz konusu tasavvurların gerçek bağlamlarını bulmalarına imkân verecek yeni bir bakış akışı geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu yeni yaklaşıma göre mezhep bir “araç” olarak tasvir edilmiş ve fıkıh mezhepleri mükelleflere ait amellerin şer’î değer hükümlerini tespit amacıyla geliştirilmiş amel ölçme araçları olarak tasavvur edilmiştir.
The concept of madhhab in Islamic thought and more specifically fiqh madhhabs have been the subject of interest especially in the modern period. A great deal of research has been done both in orientalist circles and in the Islamic world on the meaning of the madhhab in fiqh, the birth, formation, spread of fiqh madhhabs and related processes. As a result of the research and discussions carried out, various approaches have been put forward on the relevant issues, and different conceptions have been proposed about the nature, structure and function of the fiqh madhhabs. In this study, it has been tried to develop a new perspective that will encompass the previous approaches to explaining the fiqh madhhabs, make them meaningful in their own context, and allow them to find the real contexts of the aforementioned conceptions. According to this new approach, the madhhab was described as a tool and the fiqh madhhabs were conceived as behavior measurement tools developed to determine the value of the liables’ behaviors in the shari'ah.
The concept of madhhab in Islamic thought and more specifically fiqh madhhabs have been the subject of interest especially in the modern period. A great deal of research has been done both in orientalist circles and in the Islamic world on the meaning of the madhhab in fiqh, the birth, formation, spread of fiqh madhhabs and related processes. As a result of the research and discussions carried out, various approaches have been put forward on the relevant issues, and different conceptions have been proposed about the nature, structure and function of the fiqh madhhabs. In this study, it has been tried to develop a new perspective that will encompass the previous approaches to explaining the fiqh madhhabs, make them meaningful in their own context, and allow them to find the real contexts of the aforementioned conceptions. According to this new approach, the madhhab was described as a tool and the fiqh madhhabs were conceived as behavior measurement tools developed to determine the value of the liables’ behaviors in the shari'ah.