Publication: ALMAN VE AVUSTURYA ÖN ÖDEMELİ NAFAKA KANUNU İLE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ DÜZENLEMELERİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE TAHSİL EDİLEMEYEN NAFAKA ALACAKLARININ DEVLET TARAFINDAN ÖDENMESİ
Abstract
Bugün Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin çoğunluğunun yasal mevzuatında, nafaka borçlusu ebeveynden tahsil edilemeyen iştirak nafakası alacağının devlet tarafından belirli bir süre - en azından çocuğun zorunlu okul dönemi bitene kadarödeneceğine ilişkin hükümler yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda, AB ilkelerinin yanı sıra, konuya ilişkin detaylı hükümler içeren özel kanunların yürürlükte olduğu iki örnek ülke; Almanya ve Avusturya "Ön ödemeli Nafaka Kanunları" incelenmektedir. Sözkonusu kanunların amacı; nafaka yükümlüsünden, nafaka alamayan çocukların nafaka alacaklarını teminat altına almak ve çocuklarını tek başına yetiştiren ebeveynleri finansal açıdan desteklemektir. Ancak, devlet tarafından yapılan bu ön ödemeler, nafaka yükümlüsünün borcunu sona erdirmemekte, çocuğun nafaka talebi yasa gereği devlete devredilmektedir. Böylece, devlet tarafından ödenen nafaka, nafaka yükümlüsüne rücu edilerek refinanse edilmektedir. Bu çerçevede, ülkemizde de yasal olarak, AB ilkelerine paralel bir şekilde, Devlet tarafından çocuğun temel gereksinimlerinin karşılanması amacıyla, özellikle çocuğa ödenmesi gereken nafakanın, en azından çocuğun zorunlu okul dönemi bitene kadar sürdürülmesinin yerinde olacağı kanaatindeyiz.
Today, legal provisions took place in the majority of the EU Member States' legislation, concerning the child maintenance which could not be collected from the maintenance debtor, stating that such maintenance will be paid by the Government for a limited time (at least until to the end of child's obligatory school time).In this context, besides the principles of EU, two model countries, Germany and Austria, who already have existing Acts with detailed provisions regarding the issue, "Advance Payment of the Maintenance Acts" are examined. The aim of the these Acts is to guarantee the maintenance credits for children who could not get their child maintenance from their maintenance debtor and to support the parent financially who raises the child solely on his/her own. However, these advance payments by the State do not end the debts of the maintenance debtor, and the child's maintenance claim is legally assigned to the Government. Thus, the maintenance paid by the Government is refinanced by referring to the maintenance debtor. Within this framework we believe that, parallel to the EU principles, the advance maintenance payments which must be paid especially to the child by the Government in order to cover the basic needs of the child, must be continued at least until to the end of child's obligatory school time, legally in our country as well.
Today, legal provisions took place in the majority of the EU Member States' legislation, concerning the child maintenance which could not be collected from the maintenance debtor, stating that such maintenance will be paid by the Government for a limited time (at least until to the end of child's obligatory school time).In this context, besides the principles of EU, two model countries, Germany and Austria, who already have existing Acts with detailed provisions regarding the issue, "Advance Payment of the Maintenance Acts" are examined. The aim of the these Acts is to guarantee the maintenance credits for children who could not get their child maintenance from their maintenance debtor and to support the parent financially who raises the child solely on his/her own. However, these advance payments by the State do not end the debts of the maintenance debtor, and the child's maintenance claim is legally assigned to the Government. Thus, the maintenance paid by the Government is refinanced by referring to the maintenance debtor. Within this framework we believe that, parallel to the EU principles, the advance maintenance payments which must be paid especially to the child by the Government in order to cover the basic needs of the child, must be continued at least until to the end of child's obligatory school time, legally in our country as well.