Publication: İmparator Caracalla” nın yaşamı ve icraatı
Abstract
Caracalla 4 Nisan 188'de Suriyeli Iulia Domna ve Afrikalı Septimius Severus'un ilk çocuklar olarak Lyon da dünya'ya geldi. iyi bir eğitim aldı. Fakat karakter olarak ne annesine ne de babasına benziyordu. 189 tarihinde bir erkek kardeşi oldu. Fakat Caraclla aldıgı bu iyi eğitime ve ailesinin ilgisine karşılık hırçın, gaddar ve vah?etten ho?lanan bir çocuk olmuştu. İktidar ve güçten başka hiçbir şeyle ilgilenmiyordu. Karde?inden nefret ediyor ve onunla hiç anlamıyordu. Bu arada bir evlilik yaptı fakat kendi rızası alınmadan yapılan bu evlilikte hiçte mutlu olmadı ve karısından hep ayrı yaşadı. Severus'un 211'deki ölümünden sonra hareketlerindeki aşırılık daha da arttı. iktidar hırsı yüzünden kardeşi Geta'yı 212 yılında öldürttü. Büyücülere ve yıldız fallarına çok inanıyor ve hareketlerini bu fallara göre ayarlıyordu. Caracalla artık tek başına iktidardaydı. O da babası gibi iktidarının temelini orduya dayadı. Askerleri ve orduyu her ?eyin üzerinde tutuyordu. Devlet yönetiminde en önemli icraatı M. s. 212 yılında ilan ettiÝi Constititio Antoniniana adlı fermanıdır. Bu fermanla imparatorluk içinde ya?ayan herkese vatandaşlık hakkı tanınmıştır. Bu fermanı çıkarmasının bir nedeni, imparatorluÝu ekonomik yönden refaha çıkarmak, diğer bir nedeni de halkın sevgisini kazanmak içindi. Caracalla'nın en büyük hayali Büyük ıskendere benzemek, onun gibi ya?ayabilmek ve DoÝu ile batıyı birle?tiren bir imparatorluk kurabilmekti. Fakat bu fermanın ilan edilmesinden sonra iki katına çıkan miras ve azat etme vergileri de, çok müsrif olan ve devlet hazinesini iflas ettiren Caracalla'nin i?ine yaramadı. Devlet işleriyle ilgilenmeyi çok sevmiyor, bazı devlet işlerini annesine bırakıyordu. Bu fermanla ilgili tartışmalar günümüzde de devam etmektedir ve bu fermandan gerçekte kimlerin yararlandığı hala tam olarak anlaşılmamıştır. Ekonominin bozuk olmasından dolayı düşük ayarlı Antoniniani adında yeni bir para piyasaya sürdü. Halk bu ekonomik durumdan ve Caracalla'nın vahşete olan tutkusundan hiç hoşnut değildi. Germanıa ve Part seferlerinden de önemli sonuçlar alınamamıştı. Caracalla kardeşini öldürttükten sonra bedenen ve kafaca çok rahatsızlanmıştır. Rüyalarında sürekli kardeşi kendisini kılıçla kovalıyordu. 217 yılında Martialis adında Afrikalı bir asker tarafından öldürüldü. Yirmi dokuz sene dört gün ya?adı. Caracalla döneminde Roma imparatorluÝun da çok önemli gelişim ve deÝi?meler olamamıştı. Caracalla'nın pervasızca yaptığı masraflar, muhteşem hamamlar imparatorluğu kırk yıl sonra iflasa sürükleyecekti. Aslında Caracalla yüzünü askerlerden hariç, halka ve senatus'a dönse ve çok iyi işleyen aklına güvenseydi, döneminde çok farklı gelişmeler olabilirdi.
The Roman emperor Caracalla was born on the 4th of April in 188 A. C. in Lyon from a Syrian mother Iulia Domna and an African father Septimius Severus as their first son. He was well-educated. Briefly speaking, he had nothing in common characteristically with neither his father nor his mother. His brother Geta was born in189 A. C. Also he was well-educated and he was looked after intensively by his family, during his childhood he had always been an ill-tempered and cruel boy who had been fond of violence. He had never been interested in anything else but except power and violence. He had always hated his brother and as brothers they had never gotten along well together. During this period he had an arranged marriage without his consent being taken, he had never been happy with his wife and they had always lived separately. After his father Severus's death in 212 A. C. As he had always believed in fortunetelling and magic, he had been arranginghis activities according to those both. By now Caracalla had been in power as the only emperor alone without his brother, Geta... Alike his father, he had based his power on the army. His army and his soldiers had been important above everything for him . The most significant act that he had done during his reign had been the declaration of the imperial edict called Constitutio Antoniniana in 212 A. C. By this edict, the right of citizenship had been given to every individual living in the borders of the Roman empire. One of the main reasons of this declaration had been to improve the wellfare of the Roman citizens and the other had been to gain their love and support. Caracalla's dream had always been to become a ruler and to find an empire which could have united the East and the West like Alexander the Great . But the doublement of the heritage and the emancipation taxes due to the edicthadn't been of use for Caracalla who had caused the treasury of the state to go bankrupt by spending extravagantly. He hadn't had any interest in government work and he had left some of them to his mother to take care of. The discussions on Constitutio Antoniniana are still remaining and untill today the real benefactorors of this edict haven't been figured out yet. As the economy had been corrupted he had a low fined money called Antoniniani coined. The people had been led to unrest by the corruption of the economy and the passion of Caracalla towards violance. No important results had been taken from the Germanian and the Partian campaigns as well. After the killing of his brother Caracalla's health decreased both phisically and mentally. He had nightmares his brother chasing after him with a sword all the time. In the year of 217 A. C. Caracalla had been murdered by an African soldier. He had lived for 29 years and four days. During Caracalla's reign significant developments and changes couldn't had occured. The extravagant expenses and the magnificentRoman baths had been built by Caracalla, had led the empire to go bankrupt in 40 years. If Caracalla had trust in the people and the Senatus instead of the army officers and had counted on his brilliant intelligence, totally different developments could have taken place.
The Roman emperor Caracalla was born on the 4th of April in 188 A. C. in Lyon from a Syrian mother Iulia Domna and an African father Septimius Severus as their first son. He was well-educated. Briefly speaking, he had nothing in common characteristically with neither his father nor his mother. His brother Geta was born in189 A. C. Also he was well-educated and he was looked after intensively by his family, during his childhood he had always been an ill-tempered and cruel boy who had been fond of violence. He had never been interested in anything else but except power and violence. He had always hated his brother and as brothers they had never gotten along well together. During this period he had an arranged marriage without his consent being taken, he had never been happy with his wife and they had always lived separately. After his father Severus's death in 212 A. C. As he had always believed in fortunetelling and magic, he had been arranginghis activities according to those both. By now Caracalla had been in power as the only emperor alone without his brother, Geta... Alike his father, he had based his power on the army. His army and his soldiers had been important above everything for him . The most significant act that he had done during his reign had been the declaration of the imperial edict called Constitutio Antoniniana in 212 A. C. By this edict, the right of citizenship had been given to every individual living in the borders of the Roman empire. One of the main reasons of this declaration had been to improve the wellfare of the Roman citizens and the other had been to gain their love and support. Caracalla's dream had always been to become a ruler and to find an empire which could have united the East and the West like Alexander the Great . But the doublement of the heritage and the emancipation taxes due to the edicthadn't been of use for Caracalla who had caused the treasury of the state to go bankrupt by spending extravagantly. He hadn't had any interest in government work and he had left some of them to his mother to take care of. The discussions on Constitutio Antoniniana are still remaining and untill today the real benefactorors of this edict haven't been figured out yet. As the economy had been corrupted he had a low fined money called Antoniniani coined. The people had been led to unrest by the corruption of the economy and the passion of Caracalla towards violance. No important results had been taken from the Germanian and the Partian campaigns as well. After the killing of his brother Caracalla's health decreased both phisically and mentally. He had nightmares his brother chasing after him with a sword all the time. In the year of 217 A. C. Caracalla had been murdered by an African soldier. He had lived for 29 years and four days. During Caracalla's reign significant developments and changes couldn't had occured. The extravagant expenses and the magnificentRoman baths had been built by Caracalla, had led the empire to go bankrupt in 40 years. If Caracalla had trust in the people and the Senatus instead of the army officers and had counted on his brilliant intelligence, totally different developments could have taken place.