Publication: Görsellerden tarihe bakış: Maarif Albümü ışığında Cumhuriyet'in ilk yıllarından eğitim manzaraları
Abstract
Millî Mücadele’nin başarıyla sonuçlanmasının ardından Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulmuş ve Mustafa
Kemal Atatürk önderliğinde yeni Türk devletini çağdaş uygarlıklar seviyesine çıkartmak için birçok
inkılap gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu inkılapların en önemlilerinden birini ise eğitim alanında yapılan
inkılaplar oluşturur. Bu inkılapların öncelikli amacı, eğitim öğretimde birliği sağlamak ve
cumhuriyetin istediği ve ortak bakış açısına sahip kuşakları yetiştirmek olmuştur. Böylece bir yandan
kanun, mevzuat, müfredat, ders kitapları konusunda çalışmalar yapılırken öte yandan eğitim
kurumlarının teknik ve fiziki altyapısı oluşturulmaya ve iyileştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Tüm bunlar
gerçekleştirilirken ülkedeki mevcut eğitim sistemi ve kurumlarının durum tespitinin de yapılmaya
çalışıldığı görülür. Nitekim genç cumhuriyet, Osmanlı’dan miras kalan eğitim sistemi ve kurumlarını
yeniden dizayn edip yeni bir sistem ve kurum inşası gerçekleştirmeye çalışmıştır. Bu süreçte, ülkedeki
eğitimin panoraması da çıkartılmaya çalışılmış ve Maarif Vekaleti tarafından bir Maarif Albümü
hazırlanmıştır.
Bu çalışmada, Maarif Albümünden hareketle, ülkedeki mevcut eğitim kurumlarının ve sisteminin
görseller üzerinden incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın temel kaynağını Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
Maarif Vekaleti tarafından hazırlanıp 1928 yılında yayınlanan Maarif Albümü oluşturur. Çalışmada
nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarihsel araştırma kullanılmıştır. Akabinde tarihsel araştırmanın gereği
olarak Maarif Albümündeki görsellerden hareketle, cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarındaki eğitim durumu
betimlenmeye çalışılmıştır. İncelenen Maarif Albümünde, cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan itibaren ülkenin
çeşitli bölgelerinde faaliyet gösteren ilk, orta ve lise düzeyindeki okullar, bunların fiziki durumu, sınıf
içi ve sınıf dışı öğretim, yatakhane, yemekhane, bahçe gibi bölümleri ve sosyal faaliyetleri tespit
edilmiştir.
After the successful conclusion of the War of Independence, the Republic of Türkiye was established and many revolutions were put into practice to raise the new Turkish state to the level of contemporary civilisations under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. One of the most important of these revolutions in the ones made in the field of education. The primary Purpose of these revolutions is to ensure unity in education and to raise generations with a common perspective which the republic wants. On the one hand, while studies were carried out on law, legislation curriculum textbooks, on the other hand, the technical and physical infrastructure of educational institutions has started to be established. While all these were being carried out, it was seen that the due diligence of the existing institutions in the country was also tried to be made. The newly established republic tried to redesign the education system and institutions inherited from the Ottomans. In this process, the panorama of the education in the country was tried to be prepared and an education album was also prepared by the educational institution. In this study, based on the educational album, it was aimed to examine the existing educational institutions and system in the country through visuals. The basis of the study is an educational album prepared by the educational institution of the Republic of Türkiye and published in 1928. Historical research from qualitative research methods was used in this study. Then, as a requirement of historical research, the educational status in the first years of the republic was tried to be described based on the images in the education album. In the educational album which was examined, the first,, secondary and high school level schools in various regions of the country since the establishment of the republic, their physical status, departments such as classroom and out-of-class teaching, dormitory, dining hall, garden and social activities were determined.
After the successful conclusion of the War of Independence, the Republic of Türkiye was established and many revolutions were put into practice to raise the new Turkish state to the level of contemporary civilisations under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. One of the most important of these revolutions in the ones made in the field of education. The primary Purpose of these revolutions is to ensure unity in education and to raise generations with a common perspective which the republic wants. On the one hand, while studies were carried out on law, legislation curriculum textbooks, on the other hand, the technical and physical infrastructure of educational institutions has started to be established. While all these were being carried out, it was seen that the due diligence of the existing institutions in the country was also tried to be made. The newly established republic tried to redesign the education system and institutions inherited from the Ottomans. In this process, the panorama of the education in the country was tried to be prepared and an education album was also prepared by the educational institution. In this study, based on the educational album, it was aimed to examine the existing educational institutions and system in the country through visuals. The basis of the study is an educational album prepared by the educational institution of the Republic of Türkiye and published in 1928. Historical research from qualitative research methods was used in this study. Then, as a requirement of historical research, the educational status in the first years of the republic was tried to be described based on the images in the education album. In the educational album which was examined, the first,, secondary and high school level schools in various regions of the country since the establishment of the republic, their physical status, departments such as classroom and out-of-class teaching, dormitory, dining hall, garden and social activities were determined.
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Citation
VURGUN A., Şenyol C., \"Görsellerden Tarihe Bakış: Maarif Albümü Işığında Cumhuriyet'in İlk Yıllarından Eğitim Manzaraları\", 9. Uluslararası Tarih Eğitimi Sempozyumu, Türkiye, 6 - 08 Eylül 2023
