Publication: Fahreddin Er-Razi’nin düşünce sisteminde mekan kavramı
Abstract
Kozmoloji, Ortaçağ, Fizik, Kelâm, Mekan, Boşluk ÖZET FAHREDDÎN er-RÂZÎ’NIN DÜŞÜNCE SİSTEMİNDE MEKaN KAVRAMI Hicrî II. yüzyıldan itibaren İslâm düşünürlerinin Allah-âlem ilişkisini aklî bir çerçeveye oturtmak üzere, temel kozmolojik esaslar tespit etmeye çalıştıkları bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda İslâm dünyasında hicri VI. asra kadarki dönemde Meşşâî filozoflar ile kelâmcılar, kendi orijinal katkıları yanı sıra, en genel anlamda Antik Yunan dünyasında çizilen çerçeveyi benimsemiş ve bunun içerisinde kendi konumlarını belirlemişlerdir. Bu çalışmada kozmolojinin en merkezî kavramların biri olan mekân kavramı, müteahhirûn döneminin en önemli düşünürlerinden biri olan Fahreddîn er-Râzî’nin fikrî hayatı bağlamında incelenmiştir. İslâm düşünce tarihinde önemli bir kırılma noktasını temsil eden Râzî’nin mekân kavramı hakkındaki görüşleri dikkate alındığında, onun önceki birikimi tahkik süzgecinden geçirerek kendi orijinal fikirlerini ortaya koymaya çalıştığı görülmektedir. Fikrî hayatının erken döneminde Meşşâî görüşü savunurken, bilahare kelâmcı görüşe yaklaşan Râzî, teorik basitliği ontolojik basitliğe tercih etmesi gibi birçok husustan dolayı hayatının sonuna doğru Eflatuncu ve kelâmcı görüşleri mezc ederek yeni bir sentez ortaya koymuştur. Cosmology, Medieval, Physics, Kalām, Space, Place, Void, Vacuum
THE CONCEPT OF SPACE IN THE THOUGHT OF FAKHRUDDIN RĀZĪ In order to understand the relation of the Divine with the cosmos within a rational framework, Islamic scholars tried to set down primary cosmological principals starting from the 2nd century (A.H.). Until the 6th century (A.H.), the Peripatetic philosophers and the mutakallimūn, while still offering original contributions of their own, accepted the basic conceptual framework of the Ancient Greek philosophers and positioned themselves within it. In this thesis one of the most central concepts of cosmology, namely space, is studied within the limits of the intellectual life of one the most important scholars of the early mutakhkhirūn period, Fakhruddin er-Rāzī, who represents an important turning point in Islamic intellectual history. When one takes a closer look at Rāzī’s thoughts on the concept of space, one will see that Rāzī deals with all previous knowledge on the subject, and tries to express his own original thoughts. Rāzī, who in his early intellectual life was still arguing for the Peripatetic view, later switched to the classical kalām view, and in his final years put forth an original synthesis based on the Platonic and kalām views of the concept of space guided mainly for his quest for theoretical simplicity over ontological scarcity.
THE CONCEPT OF SPACE IN THE THOUGHT OF FAKHRUDDIN RĀZĪ In order to understand the relation of the Divine with the cosmos within a rational framework, Islamic scholars tried to set down primary cosmological principals starting from the 2nd century (A.H.). Until the 6th century (A.H.), the Peripatetic philosophers and the mutakallimūn, while still offering original contributions of their own, accepted the basic conceptual framework of the Ancient Greek philosophers and positioned themselves within it. In this thesis one of the most central concepts of cosmology, namely space, is studied within the limits of the intellectual life of one the most important scholars of the early mutakhkhirūn period, Fakhruddin er-Rāzī, who represents an important turning point in Islamic intellectual history. When one takes a closer look at Rāzī’s thoughts on the concept of space, one will see that Rāzī deals with all previous knowledge on the subject, and tries to express his own original thoughts. Rāzī, who in his early intellectual life was still arguing for the Peripatetic view, later switched to the classical kalām view, and in his final years put forth an original synthesis based on the Platonic and kalām views of the concept of space guided mainly for his quest for theoretical simplicity over ontological scarcity.