Publication: Sürrealizm ve rüya
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Sürrealizmi ve XX. Yüzyılın başında Endüstri Devrimiyle değişen insanın iç dünyasını, sosyoloji, felsefe ve psikoloji bilim dallarının rehberliğinde incelemiş ve bu akımın kendine yeni bir gerçeklik yarattığını kanıtlamaktadır. İnsanın kendi içine kapanması birçok ruhsal problemi de beraberinde getirdi. Freud, psikolojik dünyanın keşfi için rüyaları, dil sürçmelerini, psikanalizi bilimsel bir platforma taşıyarak, bilinçaltını konuşturmayı denemiştir. Rüya yorumu psikanalizde, rüyaların açık içeriğindeki sembollerden hareketle kişinin bilinçdışı arzu, dürtü ve çatışmalarını açığa çıkaran bir tekniktir. Rüyalar bilinçdışına açılan ana kapıdır. Rüya, gerçeğin ve bilinçaltında yatan duygu ve düşüncelerin toplandığı verimli bir kaynaktır. Kaynağını, bilinçaltına itilen korku, kıstırılmışlık duygusu ve bunu kırma isteği oluşturmaktadır. Sürrealist sanatçılar, burjuva sınıfının yaslandığı ve kışkırttığı maddiyatçılık, akılcılık, işlevsellik ve bunların üzerindeki süsleyici örtüler gibi duran ahlak, estetik ve sanat gibi değerlere karşıydılar. Kendilerine ve topluma “yabancılaşan” sanatçılar, toplum dışı kalır ve yeni bir çıkış yolu ararlar. Birçok Sürrealist ressam, düş tekniklerini resimlerinin yanı sıra, resmin dışındaki alanlarda da sergilemiştir. Sanatçılar resim, heykel, film yapmakla kalmayıp “simgesel işlevi olan nesneler” yaratmışlardır. Bu nesneler düşlerin içe çevrilmesini aşmış ve daha yüksek bir düzeyde “hayal ile gerçeği” kaynaştırmayı başarmıştır.
This work analyzed the surrealism, the internal world of the man which changes with the industrial revolution of the beginning of the XXth century, in the light of sosciologie, philosophy and psychology; it proved that this current built up to itself a new reality. The isolation of the man took numerous psychological problems. Freud tried to make the subconscious speak for the discovery of the psychological world by bringing dreams, the slips of the tongue and psychoanalyses on a scientific platform. The interpretation of dreams in psychoanalyses is a technique which brings to the light the unconscious desires, impulses and conflicts from the symbols openly contained in dreams. Dreams are doors opened to the unconsciousness. The dream is a fertile source where meet the reality as well as the feelings and the thoughts are founded under the subconscious. Its origin is formed by the fear, the feeling to be trapped and the will to get rid of it. The surrealist artists were against values as the materialism, the rationalism, the utilitarianism which support the bourgeoisie and the values which decorated them as the morality, the aesthetics and the art. The artists who become strangers to each other and to the society are excluded from the society and look for a new way of release. Numerous surrealist painters exposed their techniques of dreams not only in their painting. Artists did not content with making paintings, statues or films, but they created objects having a symbolic function. These objects exceeded the introspection of the dreams and managed to merge the dream and the reality on a higher level.
This work analyzed the surrealism, the internal world of the man which changes with the industrial revolution of the beginning of the XXth century, in the light of sosciologie, philosophy and psychology; it proved that this current built up to itself a new reality. The isolation of the man took numerous psychological problems. Freud tried to make the subconscious speak for the discovery of the psychological world by bringing dreams, the slips of the tongue and psychoanalyses on a scientific platform. The interpretation of dreams in psychoanalyses is a technique which brings to the light the unconscious desires, impulses and conflicts from the symbols openly contained in dreams. Dreams are doors opened to the unconsciousness. The dream is a fertile source where meet the reality as well as the feelings and the thoughts are founded under the subconscious. Its origin is formed by the fear, the feeling to be trapped and the will to get rid of it. The surrealist artists were against values as the materialism, the rationalism, the utilitarianism which support the bourgeoisie and the values which decorated them as the morality, the aesthetics and the art. The artists who become strangers to each other and to the society are excluded from the society and look for a new way of release. Numerous surrealist painters exposed their techniques of dreams not only in their painting. Artists did not content with making paintings, statues or films, but they created objects having a symbolic function. These objects exceeded the introspection of the dreams and managed to merge the dream and the reality on a higher level.