Publication: Kureyş suresi ışığında Mekke dönemi iktisadi hayatı
Abstract
Ö Z E T Kureyş Suresi’nde Yüce Allah, Kureyş kabilesi’ne verdiği “Îlâf” nimetinden, yaz ve kış seferlerine alıştırılmalarından, Kâbe hürmetine kendilerine verilen nimetlerden bahsetmektedir. Arkasından da, bu nimetler vasıtasıyla sizi aç iken doyuran (kıtlıktan kurtaran), korkularınızdan emin kılan, bu Kâbe’nin Rabbi’ne kulluk ve ibadet edin, buyurmaktadır. Yani onları; putlara tapmayı, nankörlük yapmayı bırakıp, sadece bu nimetleri veren Allah’a kulluk etmeye, O’na tapmaya çağırmaktadır. “Îlâf” kurumunun; “Kureyş’in İktisadî ve Diplomatik İlişkileri” anlamına geldiğini söyleyebiliriz. Kureyşliler o çorak arazide, gelip-geçen kervanların korumalığını yapan, ekonomileri Mekke’den dışarı çıkamayan bir kabileydi. Bu yüzden Mekke tüccarı, ticaretlerini geliştirmek için, Yemen-Suriye karayolu üzerindeki önemli konumlarını kullanarak komşu devletlerle anlaşmalar yapmışlardır. Yol güvenliği sorununa karşı da, kabile reisleriyle güvenlik anlaşmaları yapmışlar ve ekonomilerini geliştirmişlerdir. Çöl ortamında bu refahı sağlayan unsurlar : 1.Fil Vak’ası’nın; onların ve Kâbe’nin saygınlığını artırması. 2.Saygın aylardaki Hac, Umre ve Panayırların yüksek geliri. 3.Komşu topluluklarla güvenlik anlaşmaları. 4.“Hums” ile milli bir ekonomi uygulanması. 5.“Hılfu’l-Fudûl” gibi bir erdemlilik hareketi. 6.Çok iyi iktisâdî ve diplomatik ataklar. Bütün bunlar Kureyş’i, çöl ekonomisinden bir devlet ekonomisine ulaştıran unsurlar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kureyş Suresi de bu nimetlere işaret ederek onların Allah’a kulluk etmemelerini eleştirmektedir.
In the sura of Kureyş, God, is mentioning his blessings that called “Îlâf”, and given, to the Kureyş tribe and Kureyş’s being familiar to the journeys both in summer and winter, the boons in the name of Kaaba. After that, he orders that to pray for the Kaaba’s God who makes you be sure of your fears and saturates you with his blessings when you are greedy. It means that, He calls them to give up praying for idols and doing black ingratitude, only praying for the god, gives them that blessings. We can say that “Îlâf” foundation is meaning “Kureyş’s Economic and Diplomatic Relations”. Kureyş tribe used to be the protector of the caravans passing by on the barren fields and their economy doesn’t go out of Mecca. Because of their important location on the Yemen- Syria overland route, Mecca’s merchants made agreements with the neighbour states. Facing the risk of route security, they made agreements with the tribal chieftain and developed their economy. These are the factors of this prosperity on the desert surrounding; 1.The Elephant Case raised their and the Kaaba’s respect. 2.The Hadj, Umre and Fair’s high income in the respected mounths. 3.Security Agreements with the neighbour societies. 4.Their national economic application by “Hums”. 5.A virtiousness act called “Hılf’l Fudul”. 6.Extraordinary economic and diplomatic rashes. All of these are the factors of Kureyş’s economic transition from desert economy to state economy. İn the sura of Kureyş, God is pointing these blessings and criticize their nonworshipping.
In the sura of Kureyş, God, is mentioning his blessings that called “Îlâf”, and given, to the Kureyş tribe and Kureyş’s being familiar to the journeys both in summer and winter, the boons in the name of Kaaba. After that, he orders that to pray for the Kaaba’s God who makes you be sure of your fears and saturates you with his blessings when you are greedy. It means that, He calls them to give up praying for idols and doing black ingratitude, only praying for the god, gives them that blessings. We can say that “Îlâf” foundation is meaning “Kureyş’s Economic and Diplomatic Relations”. Kureyş tribe used to be the protector of the caravans passing by on the barren fields and their economy doesn’t go out of Mecca. Because of their important location on the Yemen- Syria overland route, Mecca’s merchants made agreements with the neighbour states. Facing the risk of route security, they made agreements with the tribal chieftain and developed their economy. These are the factors of this prosperity on the desert surrounding; 1.The Elephant Case raised their and the Kaaba’s respect. 2.The Hadj, Umre and Fair’s high income in the respected mounths. 3.Security Agreements with the neighbour societies. 4.Their national economic application by “Hums”. 5.A virtiousness act called “Hılf’l Fudul”. 6.Extraordinary economic and diplomatic rashes. All of these are the factors of Kureyş’s economic transition from desert economy to state economy. İn the sura of Kureyş, God is pointing these blessings and criticize their nonworshipping.