Publication: Türk banka hukukunda mevduat
Abstract
Mevduata İlişkin Hükümler başlıklı Bank. K. m.10, Türk Banka Hukukunda Mevduat konulu yüksek lisans tez çalışmamızın esas kanuni dayanağını teşkil etmektedir. Mevduat kabulü kavramı Bank. K. m.10 f.1'de işaret olunan şartlarda banka tarafından gerçekleştirilen bir işlem mevduat ise bu işlem dolayısıyla bankaya tevdi edilen belirli bir miktardaki parayı ifade etmektedir. Bankalar, mevduatı TCMB'nın tespit edeceği nevi ve vadelerine göre tasnif etmek mükellefiyetine tabidirler. Mevduatın konusunu teşkil ettiği sözleşme, kendine özgü nitelik arz eden bir bankacılık sözleşmesi nevidir. Mevduat kabulü işlemi yine Bank. K. m.10 f.1'de tanzim edilen şartlar dahilinde sadece bankalar ve kendi özel kanunlarına dayanarak haiz olunanlar tarafından gerçekleştirilen bir bankacılık işlemidir ve söz konusu yetki olmaksızın yapılan para toplama faaliyetleri mevduat kabul yasağının ihlaline sebep olmaktadır ve yine Bank. 22 f.1'deki müeyyidelerin tatbikini gerektirir. Mevduat bankadan mudiler tarafından istendiği anda çekilebilmektedir. Ancak, mevduatın vadeli veya ihbarlı olması ve mevduatın rehin, takas, alacağın devri gibi işlemlere konu olması halleri ise bu ilkeye istisna teşkil etmektedir. Mevduat, en son işlem, talep veya yazılı talimattan itibaren 10 yıllık bir zamanaşımı süresine tabiidir. Zamanaşımına uğrayan mevduatlar Tasarruf Mevduatı Sigorta Fonuna intikal ettirilir. Bu intikalin tabi olduğu prosedürü BDDK tespit edecektir. Mevduata tatbik edilecek faiz oranı, meri mevzuat açısından bankalarca serbestçe tespit edilebilir. Bakanlar Kurulu ya da yetkilendirilmesi halinde TCMB, bankalarca mevduata tatbik ettirilecek faiz oranlarını tespit eden idari düzenlemeleri yapmak hususunda yetkilendirilmişlerdir.
The base of our master thesis that has a subject Deposits in Turkish law is Banks Act Article 10 that has a title Provisions Related to Deposits. The Acception of Deposit is banking treatment which hast to have the conditions that are shown in Banks Act Article First Column and deposit is the concept that has a meaning of the element (amount of money) of that banking traetment (Acception of Deposits). Banks must categorize the deposits according to the rules which are determined by the Central Bank. The charecteristics of the contract which involves deposit element has a sui generis property. The acception of deposit can be treated by only the banks and the authorized organizations in the conditions of Banks Act Article 10 Column 1. Otherwise, disobeying this rule means prohibition of acception of deposit. And it results in the penalties in Banks Act Article 22 Column 1. The depositors can withdraw their deposits when they want in the exceptiıons of date of maturity and the articles in the private codes. The prescription period of the deposits is 10 years from the last treatment, deman and writen directions. These kind of deposits will be transfered by the banks to Saving Deposits Insurance Fund. The procedure will be determined by the Banking Regulation and Auditing Institution. The rate of the deposits which will be applied by the banks, will be determined by the Council of Ministers or Central Bank according to the body of the current laws.
The base of our master thesis that has a subject Deposits in Turkish law is Banks Act Article 10 that has a title Provisions Related to Deposits. The Acception of Deposit is banking treatment which hast to have the conditions that are shown in Banks Act Article First Column and deposit is the concept that has a meaning of the element (amount of money) of that banking traetment (Acception of Deposits). Banks must categorize the deposits according to the rules which are determined by the Central Bank. The charecteristics of the contract which involves deposit element has a sui generis property. The acception of deposit can be treated by only the banks and the authorized organizations in the conditions of Banks Act Article 10 Column 1. Otherwise, disobeying this rule means prohibition of acception of deposit. And it results in the penalties in Banks Act Article 22 Column 1. The depositors can withdraw their deposits when they want in the exceptiıons of date of maturity and the articles in the private codes. The prescription period of the deposits is 10 years from the last treatment, deman and writen directions. These kind of deposits will be transfered by the banks to Saving Deposits Insurance Fund. The procedure will be determined by the Banking Regulation and Auditing Institution. The rate of the deposits which will be applied by the banks, will be determined by the Council of Ministers or Central Bank according to the body of the current laws.