Publication: Çeliklerin kapalı kalıpta dövülmesinde maliyet analizi
Abstract
ÇELİKLERİN KAPALI KALIPTA DÖVÜLMESİNDE MALİYET ANALİZİ Tezde çeliklerin kapalı kalıpta dövülmesinde maliyet analizi ele alınmıştır.Dövülecek parça maliyetinin hesaplanmasında,firmaların çoğu önceden dövülmüş parçalarla yeni dövülecek parçaların mukayesesine dayanan tahmini bir yönteme başvurmaktadırlar. Bu, her zaman sağlıklı bir netice vermemektedir.Konunun hesaplamaya dayanan analitik bir yöntemle kapsamlı olarak ele alınması,üretim maliyetinin gerçek değerini elde etmekte çok daha yararlı olacaktır. Bunun bir bilgisayar program yazılımıyla desteklenmesi maliyeti daha kısa sürede tespit etmemizi sağlayacaktır. Parça başına düşen dövme maliyetini hesaplayabilmemiz için öncelikle maliyeti etkileyen parametrelerin incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu bakımdan öncelikle dövmede iş akış şeması çıkarılmıştır. İş akışı esas alınarak bunun her safhasında kullanılan makinalar, malzemeler ve işçilik ile ilgili harcamalar hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplamalara başlamadan önce; sıcak dövme yöntemleri,kullanılan makinalar, dövme malzemeleri,kalıp malzemeleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Sonra, kapalı kalıp tasarımı kapsamlı olarak ele alınmış ve dövmede kullanılan fırınlar incelenmiştir. Sıcak dövme maliyeti hesaplanacak örnek bir parçadan yola çıkılarak iş akışına uygun olarak her safhada yapılan harcamalar hesaplanmıştır. Dövme maliyetini etkileyen her parametrenin formülasyonu yapılmış, sonra gerekli maliyet değeri EURO(Î) cinsinden birim parça için hesaplanmıştır. Son kısımda ise, tüm hesaplamaları kapsayacak şekilde Delphi 7 bilgisayar programlama diliyle hesaplama yapılmıştır. Bu program vasıtasıyla dövülecek parça üretim maliyetinin hesaplanması sağlanmıştır. Makine amortismanları,genel giderler,idari masraflar, kâr miktarı,firmaların ekonomik politikalarına göre değişebileceği düşünülerek ele alınmamıştır. HAZİRAN 2003 Yahya BO
COST ANALYSIS OF STEELS FORGED IN CLOSED DIE This thesis deals with the cost analysis of steels forged in closed die.In the cost calculation of forged parts, most companies follow an estimation method which relies on the comparation of new parts with the previously forged parts.This route does not always give reliable results.An analytical method which depends on calculation and takes the subject into account in a broader way will be more beneficial in getting the real production cost.If this method is supported by a software, the cost of forged parts will be determined in a short time.In order to calculate the cost of forging per part, the parameters which affect the cost must be investigated beforehand.Due to the above reason the flow of chart of forging operation has been outlined at first hand. With this in mind the expenses regarding the machines, materials and workmanship were calculated with respect to stages of forging operation.Before the calculations, hot forging methods, forging equipment, die materials and forging materials were outlined.Following this, the design of closed dies and heating equipment were taken into account. Based on a sample part, the expenses spent at every stage of operation were calculated in accordance with flow chart.Every parameter which affect the cost of forging was formulated and then cost value was calculated in terms of EURO (¤) per part. In the final part of thesis a software prepared via a Delphi 7, which includes all calculations, was presented.The cost of forged parts can be obtained by this program. Management expenses, overheads and profit were not considered since these are changeable according to the companies' economic policies. JUNE 2003 Yahya BO
COST ANALYSIS OF STEELS FORGED IN CLOSED DIE This thesis deals with the cost analysis of steels forged in closed die.In the cost calculation of forged parts, most companies follow an estimation method which relies on the comparation of new parts with the previously forged parts.This route does not always give reliable results.An analytical method which depends on calculation and takes the subject into account in a broader way will be more beneficial in getting the real production cost.If this method is supported by a software, the cost of forged parts will be determined in a short time.In order to calculate the cost of forging per part, the parameters which affect the cost must be investigated beforehand.Due to the above reason the flow of chart of forging operation has been outlined at first hand. With this in mind the expenses regarding the machines, materials and workmanship were calculated with respect to stages of forging operation.Before the calculations, hot forging methods, forging equipment, die materials and forging materials were outlined.Following this, the design of closed dies and heating equipment were taken into account. Based on a sample part, the expenses spent at every stage of operation were calculated in accordance with flow chart.Every parameter which affect the cost of forging was formulated and then cost value was calculated in terms of EURO (¤) per part. In the final part of thesis a software prepared via a Delphi 7, which includes all calculations, was presented.The cost of forged parts can be obtained by this program. Management expenses, overheads and profit were not considered since these are changeable according to the companies' economic policies. JUNE 2003 Yahya BO