Publication: E-turizm portalı ve Türkiye’de bir uygulama
Abstract
20.yy'ın ikinci yarısında başlayan bilgisayar, ,internet ve iletişim teknolojileri alanlarındaki gelişmeler , teknolojiye dayalı birçok işletmenin ortaya çıkmasını sağlamış ve her alanda gelişmeyi mümkün kılmıştır. İş, eğitim, tıp, sağlık, politik ve sosyal hayat gibi alanlar da bilgisayar ve internet kullanımı hızla artmaktadır. Bütün bu sektörlerde olduğu gibi internete dayalı işlemler turizm sektörünü de etkilemiş ve e-turizm ortaya çıkmıştır. E - turizm internet tabanlı online turizm alışverişleridir. Günümüzde yarım milyar insan internet kullanmaktadır. Elektronik ortamda gerçekleşen , iki veya daha fazla taraf arasında mal yada hizmet alım/ satımı veya tanıtımı olan, ticari bir işlem niteliği taşıyan ve faaliyet alanları çeşitlenen bir ticaret şekli olarak tanımlanabilen e-ticaret ortamında, internet üzerinden yapılan alım/ satım işlemlerinin cirosu milyarlarca dolarla ifade edilmektedir fakat dünyada turizm hareketine katılan 700 milyon kişinin sadece %3,5'inin seyahatlerini gerçek anlamda online rezervasyonlarla gerçekleştirmektedir. Ülkemizde son 3 yıl içinde 150 seyahat sitesi kurulmuştur ama bunların yaklaşık 40'ı faaliyetlerine devam etmektedir. Kısaca satılan turların önemli bir kısmı hala acenteler tarafından yapılmaktadır. Oysa, e-turizm sayesinde şirketler daha etkin ve ucuz tanıtım yapmakta, bilgisayarlı rezervasyon sistemine bağlı işletmeler doluluk oranlarına , ürün satış turlarına ve dönemlerine , talebin oranına göre anında fiyat değiştirebilir, hizmetlerin satışı yükseltebilirler. Turistik ürünün nitelikleri ve resmi internet ortamında gösterilebilir ve oteller daha verimli çalışabilir. Ancak bilgisayarlı rezervasyon sisteminin bir dezavantajı, rezervasyon maliyetinin sistemin gerektirdiği harcamalar nedeniyle artması ve global bağlı turizm işletmelerinin sattıkları ürünlerin ve bilgilerin standart olması gerekliliğidir. Heryerden erişilebilen, veritabanına dayalı web siteleri ile dinamik bilgi bankalarından bilgi sunulan, söyleşi odaları , forum alanları, kataloglar, canlı haberler, e-posta gibi özelliklere sahip,ucuz, hızlı ve güvenli olarak bilgiye erişimi sağlayan web hizmeti portal olrak adlandırılmaktadır. Turizm alanında ise , dünyada seyahat konusunda bilgilerin yer aldığı ve online rezervasyon imkanı sunan birçok web sitesi bulunmaktadır. Bir yılda yaklaşık 95 milyon kişi bu siteleri ziyaret etmekte ve yaklaşık 28 milyonu tatilini online almaktadır. Önümüzdeki 3 yıl içinde, onl,ne seyahatin Türkiye turizminin %3'lük bölümünü oluşturması beklenmektedir. Bundan dolayı, seyahat acentelerinin ve konaklama tesislerinin teknolojik yatırımlara ağırlık vermesi gerekmektedir çünkü e-turizm günümüzde e-ticaretin en hızlı gelişen birimidir. Milyonlarca internet kullanıcısının interneti ne amaçla kullandığını bilmek kuşkusuz imkansızdır fakat gerçek şu ki; günümüzde yüz binlerce kişi internetten turistik ve seyahat amaçlı olarak yararlanmakta, uçak bileti alabilmekte, istediği yerin özelliklerini resimden veya canlı izleyerek görebilmekte , istediği otelde istediği fiyata oda bulabilmektedir. Bu durumda seyahat acentelerinin turizm konusunda internet ortamındaki gelişmeleri ve başarılı örnekleri göz önünde bulundurarak strateji değiştirmeleri gerekmektedir. Dünyada en çok ziyaret edilen 10 seyahat acentesi içinde yar alan Expedia.com, Orbitz.com, Travelocity.com, Priceline.com, Lastminute.com gibi web siteleri , sadece tur satışı, rezervasyon, uçak bileti değil, araba ve yat kiralama, şehir gezileri, spor aktiviteleri gibi hizmetlerde sunarlar. Ülkemizde ise sonfiyat.com, etstur.com, tatilborsası.com, bookInTurkey.com gibi seyahat siteleri vardır. Sonfiyat.com, Türkiye'nin ilk IATA üyesi ve Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığına kayıtlı B grubu belgeli seyahat sitesidir. Türkiye'nin en büyük acente ağına sahip seyahat sitesi etstur.com'dur. 2004 yılında Altın Örümcek en iyi Seyahat ve Turizm sitesi ödülünü ise BookInTurkey.com almıştır. E-turizm açısından ülkemizde iyi ve başarılı bir örnektir. Müşteriler, ürün sağlayıcılar ve kurumlar açısından kazanımlar sağlamakta , online otel ve tur rezervasyon sistemi, incoming ve outgoing otel rezervasyon sistemi, kurumsal otel rezervasyon sistemi, otobüs ve uçak bileti, araç kiralama ve backoffice (muhasbe, faturalar, ödemeler...) hizmetleri ile tüketici ile buluşmaktadır. Online turizm dünyada E-ticaret harcamalarının %40'ını oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye'nin ise yıllık turizm gelirinin 10 milyar doları aşması beklenmektedir
The improvements in computers , internet and communication technologies that started in the second half of the twentieth century , provided so many firms that are based on technology and improvements in every area of life. The usage of computers and internet increases in such areas like bussines, education, medical, health, politics and social life. As it is in all these areas , internet-based processes effects the tourism sector and a new concept, e-tourism, is born. Today, half billion people use internet. In e-trade environmet which can be defined as a trade type that is the bussiness or presentation of a product or a service between two or more sides, has a commercial process and a variety of actvity areas , the endorsement of bussiness procedures over the internet is defined as billion dollars but there are almost 700 million people who are actively in tourism movement and just the 3,5% of them make their tavells over internet online reservations. That is to say, a significant part of tours are still made by travel agencies. However, thanks to e-tourism, firms can present their products cheaper and more effectively. The firms that have computer based reservation systems can change the prices and increase the the rate of their selling according to the rate of their capacity and demands and terms of their products and service. The qualifications and pictures of the touristic products can be presented over the internet and hotel can works more efficently. Otherwise , a disadvantage of computer - based reservation system is the cost of reservation can increase because of the expenses of the system and the products and information of tourism firms connected globally should be standart. Portal is a web service that can be reached from all over the world , present information from dynamic data banks and web sites based on database, has some special features like chat rooms, forum areas, catalogues, live news, e-mail and it provides cheap, fast and safe information access. In tourism sector, there are a lot of web sites that have information about travelling and provide online reservation. Almost 95 million people visit these web sites and almost 28 million of them buy their travel online. In the next three years , it is expected online reservation and travell to have the 3% of Turkish tourism. As a resulf of that, travel agencies and hotels should give more importance to technologic investments because today e-tourism is the fast developing unit of e-trade. It is certainly impossible to know for what purpose millions of internet users use internet but the truth is today, hundreds of people benefit from internet aiming their travells , buy their plane tickets, see the qulifications of the place they want to go alive or with the help of pictures, find a room in the hotel they want to stay and the price thay want to pay. So , travel agencies shoul better change their strategies concerning the improvements over the internet and the best examples of e-tourism. There are websites of some travel agencies like Expedia.com, Orbitz.com, Travelocity.com, Priceline.com, Lastminute.com which are the most visited 10 websites in the world. Not only they serve tours, reservations and plane tickets but also they serve car or yacht renting, city tours or sport activities. In Turkey, there are some websites related to e-tourism like sonfiyat.com, etstur.com, tatilborsası.com, bookInTurkey.com. Sonfiyat.com is the the first travel website which is the member of IATA and registered to Culture and Tourism Ministry as a B group travel agency. Ets.com is the website which has the largest agency network in Turkey. And also BookinTurkey is a good and successful example of e-tourism in our country and in 2004 BookinTurkey.com won the reward of Altın Örümcek Best Travel and Tourism Website. It has advantages for clients, product services and institutions and has some services like online hotel and tour reservation, incoming and outgoing hotel reservatin system, institutional hotel reservation system , bus and plane tickets , vehicle renting and backoffice programs like accounting, bills, payings...etc. Online tourism has the 40% of e-trade expenses in the world. It is expected Turkey's yearly tourism income to go beyond 10 billion dollars.
The improvements in computers , internet and communication technologies that started in the second half of the twentieth century , provided so many firms that are based on technology and improvements in every area of life. The usage of computers and internet increases in such areas like bussines, education, medical, health, politics and social life. As it is in all these areas , internet-based processes effects the tourism sector and a new concept, e-tourism, is born. Today, half billion people use internet. In e-trade environmet which can be defined as a trade type that is the bussiness or presentation of a product or a service between two or more sides, has a commercial process and a variety of actvity areas , the endorsement of bussiness procedures over the internet is defined as billion dollars but there are almost 700 million people who are actively in tourism movement and just the 3,5% of them make their tavells over internet online reservations. That is to say, a significant part of tours are still made by travel agencies. However, thanks to e-tourism, firms can present their products cheaper and more effectively. The firms that have computer based reservation systems can change the prices and increase the the rate of their selling according to the rate of their capacity and demands and terms of their products and service. The qualifications and pictures of the touristic products can be presented over the internet and hotel can works more efficently. Otherwise , a disadvantage of computer - based reservation system is the cost of reservation can increase because of the expenses of the system and the products and information of tourism firms connected globally should be standart. Portal is a web service that can be reached from all over the world , present information from dynamic data banks and web sites based on database, has some special features like chat rooms, forum areas, catalogues, live news, e-mail and it provides cheap, fast and safe information access. In tourism sector, there are a lot of web sites that have information about travelling and provide online reservation. Almost 95 million people visit these web sites and almost 28 million of them buy their travel online. In the next three years , it is expected online reservation and travell to have the 3% of Turkish tourism. As a resulf of that, travel agencies and hotels should give more importance to technologic investments because today e-tourism is the fast developing unit of e-trade. It is certainly impossible to know for what purpose millions of internet users use internet but the truth is today, hundreds of people benefit from internet aiming their travells , buy their plane tickets, see the qulifications of the place they want to go alive or with the help of pictures, find a room in the hotel they want to stay and the price thay want to pay. So , travel agencies shoul better change their strategies concerning the improvements over the internet and the best examples of e-tourism. There are websites of some travel agencies like Expedia.com, Orbitz.com, Travelocity.com, Priceline.com, Lastminute.com which are the most visited 10 websites in the world. Not only they serve tours, reservations and plane tickets but also they serve car or yacht renting, city tours or sport activities. In Turkey, there are some websites related to e-tourism like sonfiyat.com, etstur.com, tatilborsası.com, bookInTurkey.com. Sonfiyat.com is the the first travel website which is the member of IATA and registered to Culture and Tourism Ministry as a B group travel agency. Ets.com is the website which has the largest agency network in Turkey. And also BookinTurkey is a good and successful example of e-tourism in our country and in 2004 BookinTurkey.com won the reward of Altın Örümcek Best Travel and Tourism Website. It has advantages for clients, product services and institutions and has some services like online hotel and tour reservation, incoming and outgoing hotel reservatin system, institutional hotel reservation system , bus and plane tickets , vehicle renting and backoffice programs like accounting, bills, payings...etc. Online tourism has the 40% of e-trade expenses in the world. It is expected Turkey's yearly tourism income to go beyond 10 billion dollars.