Publication: Eleştirel güvenlik yaklaşımı perspektifinden İslamofobi ve anti-İslamizm çözümlemesi
Abstract
Uluslararası ilişkiler alanında kurucu kavramlardan biri olan güvenlik konusu, Soğuk Savaş’ın sona erdiği 1990’lara kadar genel olarak realist güvenlik yaklaşımlarının teorileri ışığında devlet merkezli, askeri çözümlü, tehdidin genellikle başka ülkelerden geldiği ön kabulü üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Ancak Soğuk Savaş’ın bitmesiyle çeşitli tehditler ortaya çıkmaya başlayınca klasik güvenlik yaklaşımları eleştirilerek güvenliğin yeni tanımları yapılmaya başlanmış, tanım genişlemiş ve derinleşmiş, bireyin güvenliği de güvenlik çalışmalarına dahil edilmiştir. Ayrıca klasik güvenlik yaklaşımları eleştirilirken güvenliğin türetilmiş bir kavram olduğu tezi savunulmuştur.Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde “komünizm tehlikesinin” ortadan kalkmasıyla Batı ülkeleri yeni bir tehdide ihtiyaç duymuş ve bu ihtiyaç Müslümanların güvenlik konusuna dahil edilmesiyle giderilmiştir. Soğuk Savaş sonrası tehdidin İslam medeniyetinden, Batı medeniyetine yöneleceği iddiasının yardımıyla Müslümanlar, İslamofobi ve anti-İslamizm gibi olgular üzerinden birer güvenlik problemi olarak gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.Bu çalışmada, Müslümanların ve İslam’ın siyasi, politik amaçlar için İslamofobi ve anti-islamizm vasıtası ile türetilmiş bilgi yardımıyla nasıl birer güvenlik problemi haline getirildiği, eleştirel bir güvenlik yaklaşımı olan Galler/ Aberyswyth Ekolü’nün teorileri üzerinden çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
The issue of security, which is one of the founding concepts in the field of international relations, has been handled through the relative conjectures that dominate each period. Until the 1990s, when the Cold War ended, security was generally addressed through the classical paradigm with the understanding that the threat generally came from other countries in the light of the theories of the realist approach. However, with the emergence of various threats after the end of the Cold War, classical security approaches have been criticized and have been defined anew. The definition of security has expanded and deepened, and the safety of the individual has been included in the security field. In addition, while criticizing the classical security approaches, the thesis that security is a derived concept has been defended.With the disappearance of the communism threat in the post-Cold War period, Western countries needed a new threat . This need was resolved with the inclusion of Muslims in the issue of security. With the help of the claim that the post-Cold War threat will turn from Islamic civilization to Western civilization, Muslims have been flaunted as a security problem through facts such as Islamophobia and anti-Islamism.In this study, an attempt will be made to analyze how Muslims and Islam have been turned into a security problem with the help of information derived from Islamophobia and anti-Islamism for political purposes through the theories of the critical security approach Aberyswyth Ecole. The possibilities of preventing Islamophobia and anti-Islamism will be explored by using the Welsh Cult theories.
The issue of security, which is one of the founding concepts in the field of international relations, has been handled through the relative conjectures that dominate each period. Until the 1990s, when the Cold War ended, security was generally addressed through the classical paradigm with the understanding that the threat generally came from other countries in the light of the theories of the realist approach. However, with the emergence of various threats after the end of the Cold War, classical security approaches have been criticized and have been defined anew. The definition of security has expanded and deepened, and the safety of the individual has been included in the security field. In addition, while criticizing the classical security approaches, the thesis that security is a derived concept has been defended.With the disappearance of the communism threat in the post-Cold War period, Western countries needed a new threat . This need was resolved with the inclusion of Muslims in the issue of security. With the help of the claim that the post-Cold War threat will turn from Islamic civilization to Western civilization, Muslims have been flaunted as a security problem through facts such as Islamophobia and anti-Islamism.In this study, an attempt will be made to analyze how Muslims and Islam have been turned into a security problem with the help of information derived from Islamophobia and anti-Islamism for political purposes through the theories of the critical security approach Aberyswyth Ecole. The possibilities of preventing Islamophobia and anti-Islamism will be explored by using the Welsh Cult theories.