Publication: Vitamin B12-loaded nanoparticle-embedded scaffolds produced by the 3D printer for controlled drug delivery
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Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, 3 boyutlu yazdırılmış poli(etilen oksit)/ polivinilpirolidon (PEO/ PVP) iskelelerine yerleştirilmiş Vitamin B12 (VB12) yüklü kitosan-tripolifosfat (TPP) nanopartikülleri (VB12NPs) kullanılarak Alzheimer hastalığı (AD) için bir dil altı ilaç dağıtım sistemi geliştirmektir. Amaç, bilişsel sağlıkla ilişkili nöroprotektif bir bileşik olan VB12'nin mukozal dağıtımını, stabilitesini ve biyoyararlanımını iyileştirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: VB12NPs iyonik jelasyon kullanılarak sentezlendi ve daha sonra PEO/ PVP iskelelerine gömüldü. Üretilen malzemelerin fizikokimyasal özelliklerini araştırmak için SEM, FTIR, XRD ve DSC teknikleri, zeta potansiyeli, polidispersite indeksi, kapsülleme verimliliği ve parçalanma testi uygulandı. MTT testi, SH-SY5Y hücre hattında in vitro sitotoksisiteyi değerlendirmek için kullanıldı ve hücresel alım konfokal lazer tarama mikroskobu ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: VB12NP'ler 348,38 ± 1,79 nm'lik bir boyut, 1,39 ± 0,04 mV'lik bir zeta potansiyeli ve 0,317 ± 0,02 Mw/ Mn'lik bir PDI gösterdi. Bu da kararlı ve monodispers parçacıkların üretilebildiğini ispatladı. İskeleler, NP’lerin dahil edilmesinden sonra ortalama gözenek boyutunun 337 μm'den 248,72 μm'ye düşmesiyle, birbirine bağlı gözeneklerden oluşan bir ağ sergiledi. FTIR, DSC ve XRD kullanılarak yürütülen analizler, polimer ve ilaç arasındaki etkileşimlerin yanı sıra karışık-fazlı bir yapının varlığını da doğruladı. Hücre canlılığı, tüm iskele örneklerinde sürekli olarak %85'ten daha yüksekti ve bu da dikkate değer bir biyouyumluluk sağladı. Konfokal mikroskopi, VB12NPs’in başarılı hücresel alımını göstererek bunların mukozal emilim potansiyelini doğruladı. Sonuç: VB12 yüklü NP iskelesi, avantajlı morfoloji, biyouyumluluk, hızlı parçalanma ve mukozamal alım göstererek, etkili bir dil altı ilaç verme sistemi olarak umut vadetmektedir.
Objective: The goal of this research is to develop a sublingual drug delivery system for Alzheimer's disease (AD) using Vitamin B12 (VB12)-loaded chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles (VB12NPs) incorporated into 3D-printed poly(ethylene oxide)/ polyvinylpyrrolidone (PEO/ PVP) scaffolds. The objective is to improve the mucosal delivery, stability, and bioavailability of VB12, a neuroprotective compound associated with cognitive health. Materials and Methods: VB12NPs were synthesized using ionic gelation and then embedded into PEO/ PVP scaffolds. To investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the produced materials, SEM, FTIR, XRD, and DSC techniques, zeta potential, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, and disintegration test were applied. The MTT assay was utilized to assess in vitro cytotoxicity on the SH-SY5Y cell line, and cellular uptake was analyzed through confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: The VB12NPs demonstrated a size of 348.38 ± 1.79 nm, a zeta potential of 1.39 ± 0.04 mV, and a PDI of 0.317 ± 0.02 Mw/ Mn, suggesting the presence of stable, monodisperse particles. The scaffolds exhibited a network of interconnected pores, with the average pore size decreasing from 337 μm to 248.72 μm following the incorporation of nanoparticles. The analyses conducted using FTIR, DSC, and XRD provided confirmation for the interactions between the polymer and the drug, as well as the presence of a mixed-phase structure. Cell viability exceeded 85% for all NPs samples, indicating remarkable biocompatibility. Confocal microscopy demonstrated successful cellular uptake of VB12NPs, validating their internalization into cells and potential for mucosal absorption. Conclusion: The VB12NPs scaffold demonstrates advantageous morphology, biocompatibility, rapid disintegration, and cellular internalization, indicating its promise as an efficient sublingual drug delivery system for AD.
Objective: The goal of this research is to develop a sublingual drug delivery system for Alzheimer's disease (AD) using Vitamin B12 (VB12)-loaded chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles (VB12NPs) incorporated into 3D-printed poly(ethylene oxide)/ polyvinylpyrrolidone (PEO/ PVP) scaffolds. The objective is to improve the mucosal delivery, stability, and bioavailability of VB12, a neuroprotective compound associated with cognitive health. Materials and Methods: VB12NPs were synthesized using ionic gelation and then embedded into PEO/ PVP scaffolds. To investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the produced materials, SEM, FTIR, XRD, and DSC techniques, zeta potential, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, and disintegration test were applied. The MTT assay was utilized to assess in vitro cytotoxicity on the SH-SY5Y cell line, and cellular uptake was analyzed through confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: The VB12NPs demonstrated a size of 348.38 ± 1.79 nm, a zeta potential of 1.39 ± 0.04 mV, and a PDI of 0.317 ± 0.02 Mw/ Mn, suggesting the presence of stable, monodisperse particles. The scaffolds exhibited a network of interconnected pores, with the average pore size decreasing from 337 μm to 248.72 μm following the incorporation of nanoparticles. The analyses conducted using FTIR, DSC, and XRD provided confirmation for the interactions between the polymer and the drug, as well as the presence of a mixed-phase structure. Cell viability exceeded 85% for all NPs samples, indicating remarkable biocompatibility. Confocal microscopy demonstrated successful cellular uptake of VB12NPs, validating their internalization into cells and potential for mucosal absorption. Conclusion: The VB12NPs scaffold demonstrates advantageous morphology, biocompatibility, rapid disintegration, and cellular internalization, indicating its promise as an efficient sublingual drug delivery system for AD.