Publication: Modern tabiat felsefesinde determinizme yönelik eleştiriler
Abstract
TEZ ÖZETİ 'Modern Tabiat Felsefesinde Determinizme Yönelik Eleştiriler' başlıklı bu çalışmada, doğa tasavvurunda meydana gelen değişim süreci determinizm kavramını merkeze alarak incelenmektedir. Dört bölüm olarak tasnif edilen çalışmanın ilk bölümünde, 'Modern doğa düşüncesi ve determinizme yönelik eleştiriler'e geçmeden önce 'doğa düşüncesi' kavramının ifade ettiği genel anlam ile bu kavramın tarihsel arkaplanı, presokratik dönemden başlayarak incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, eleştirilerin yöneldiği odak olan 'determinizm' kavramı üzerinde durularak, bu kavramın klasik ve modern doğa tasarımı ile ilişkisinin yanısıra determinizmin modern doğa düşüncesinde kazandığı yeni anlamlara ve açılımlara yer verilmiştir. Eleştiriler kısmının yer aldığı üçüncü bölümde ise ilkin, klasik fizik ile modern fizik arasındaki geçiş sürecinde ortaya çıkan, bir ucu Newton Fiziğine, diğer ucu Kuantum Teorisine uzanan önemli bir 'köprü' konumundaki Rölativite Teorisi, ve Rölativite kuramından gelen eleştiriler yer almıştır. Doğa düşüncesindeki asıl 'sıçrama' sayılan Kuantum Teorisi de tarihi arka planı, dalga-parçacık ikilemi, durum çoğulluğu, belirsizlik ilkesi gibi temel özellikleri ve çağdaş doğa tasarımını belirleyen sonuçlarıyla bu bölümde yer almıştır. Rölativite kuramının yine de pozitivist çerçeve içinde kalmasına karşın Kuantum kuramının sınırları aşan ve beklenmedik noktalara ulaşan sonuçlarının determinist karakterli doğa düşüncesini nasıl sarstığı örneklerle incelenmiştir. Dördüncü ve son bölümde ise Yeni Fizik'in doğaya bakışı ve modern doğa düşüncesinin etkisi ile fiziğin, felsefenin ve dinin giderek içiçe geçen düşünsel çabaları üzerinde durulmuştur.
This dissertation - labelled with the topic Criticisms on Determinism in Modern Philosophies of Nature - examines the process of change in the comprehension of nature by focusing on the definition of determinism.The work is divided into four parts. In the first section, prior tocriticisms on the modern idea of nature and determinism, the general meaningof the expression idea of nature and the historical background of thisexpression is being studied beginning in the presocratic era. The second part concentrates on the term of determinism which lies in thecentre of all criticism. In this part, the correlation of determinism withthe traditional and modern conception of nature is evoked as well as the newconnotations and expositions of determinism in the modern comprehension ofnature.In the third part, where the criticism is issued, at first the focus lies onthe theory of relativity which is produced by the shift process fromtraditional to modern physics and is an important link between NewtonPhysics and the Quantum Theory. The criticism by the theory of relativity ishandled here.In addition, the Quantum Theory, which is considered as the true soar in theidea of nature, is described in this section with its historical background,with its main principles like the wave particle duality, the many worldinterpretation, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, ( and durum çogullugu ) and finally with its consequences characterizing the contemporary conceptionof the term of nature.In which way the characteristically determinist idea of nature was quaked bythe irregular and unexpected effects of the Quantum Theory, though thetheory of relativity remains in positivist frames, is scrutinized with theaid of examples.In the fourth and last section, the understanding of nature in New Physicsin addition to the intellectual efforts of physics, philosophy and religioncombined and more and more tangled together by the idea of nature, are dealtwith.
This dissertation - labelled with the topic Criticisms on Determinism in Modern Philosophies of Nature - examines the process of change in the comprehension of nature by focusing on the definition of determinism.The work is divided into four parts. In the first section, prior tocriticisms on the modern idea of nature and determinism, the general meaningof the expression idea of nature and the historical background of thisexpression is being studied beginning in the presocratic era. The second part concentrates on the term of determinism which lies in thecentre of all criticism. In this part, the correlation of determinism withthe traditional and modern conception of nature is evoked as well as the newconnotations and expositions of determinism in the modern comprehension ofnature.In the third part, where the criticism is issued, at first the focus lies onthe theory of relativity which is produced by the shift process fromtraditional to modern physics and is an important link between NewtonPhysics and the Quantum Theory. The criticism by the theory of relativity ishandled here.In addition, the Quantum Theory, which is considered as the true soar in theidea of nature, is described in this section with its historical background,with its main principles like the wave particle duality, the many worldinterpretation, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, ( and durum çogullugu ) and finally with its consequences characterizing the contemporary conceptionof the term of nature.In which way the characteristically determinist idea of nature was quaked bythe irregular and unexpected effects of the Quantum Theory, though thetheory of relativity remains in positivist frames, is scrutinized with theaid of examples.In the fourth and last section, the understanding of nature in New Physicsin addition to the intellectual efforts of physics, philosophy and religioncombined and more and more tangled together by the idea of nature, are dealtwith.