Publication: Taşıyanın geminin elverişsizliğinden doğan hukuki sorumluluğu
Abstract
Gemi ve geminin elverişliliği kavramı birbiriyle bir bütün olarak denizyoluyla ticaretin en önemli kavramlarındandır. Teknolojik gelişmeler, büyüyen ticaret hacmi ve gittikçe daha hızlı icra edilmekte olan denizyoluyla yük taşınması, gemilerin tiplerini ve elverişli gemi bulundurmak şartlarını günbegün değiştirmektedir. Diğer yandan kavramın özü aynı kalmaktadır; Buna göre bir navlun sözleşmesinde geminin elverişliliğini temin etmek ediminin nihai amacı; bordasındaki yükleri denizin zorlu şartlarına karşı sâlimen varma limanına ulaştıracak nitelikteki bir gemi ve mürettebat ile seferi tamamlamaktır. Geminin elverişliliğin temininin, deniz çevresinin ve canlı hayatının korunması gibi kamu yararına olan işlevi de mevcuttur. Çalışmamızda, taşıyanın bir navlun sözleşmesi tahtında, denize, yola ve yüke elverişli gemi bulundurma borcunu incelenmiştir. Türk hukukuna ağırlık verilmesine karşın, devletlerarası sözleşmelere ve özellikle yabancı hukuk yargı içtihatlarına önem verilmiştir Denizciliğin kâdim sözlerinden olan, “gemi açık denizde değil, liman batar” günümüzde de hala önemini taşımaktadır. Diğer yandan teknolojik gelişmeler ve gemi tiplerinde; mürettebatsız, uzaktan kontrollü veya kumandalı yeniliklerin başlaması (otonom gemiler) geminin elverişliliğini temin etmek borcunun, sadece sefer başlangıcıyla sınırlanmayacağını, sefer sürecine, en azından veri iletişimi kapsamında yayılacağını düşündürmektedir.
The concept of the ship and its seaworthiness (shipworthiness) is one of the most important concepts of maritime trade as a whole. The continuous advancements in technology, growing trade volumes, and the ever-faster maritime transport of cargo are changing the types of ships and the conditions of their seaworthiness day by day. However, the essence of the concept remains the same: Accordingly, the ultimate purpose of ensuring the seaworthiness of the ship in a freight contract is to complete the voyage with a ship and crew that can deliver the cargo to the port of arrival safely against the severe conditions of the sea. The verification of the ship's seaworthiness serves other purposes that align with the welfare of the general public, including safeguarding the marine ecosystem and preserving human lives. The present study investigates the carrier's legal responsibility for the ship's seaworthiness, voyage worthiness (port clearance), and cargo worthiness within the context of a freight contract. In addition to the prominent focus on Turkish law, our study incorporates international agreements and, notably, the legal jurisprudence of foreign jurisdictions. One of the enduring adages pertaining to nautical existence, The ship is not in the open sea; at the port, she sinks continues to retain its significance in contemporary times. However, it is worth noting that advancements in technology and the emergence of unmanned or remotely controlled ship innovations, such as autonomous ships, indicate that the responsibility for ensuring the ship's seaworthiness will extend beyond the commencement of the journey. This responsibility will likely encompass the entire voyage process, particularly in relation to data link communication.
The concept of the ship and its seaworthiness (shipworthiness) is one of the most important concepts of maritime trade as a whole. The continuous advancements in technology, growing trade volumes, and the ever-faster maritime transport of cargo are changing the types of ships and the conditions of their seaworthiness day by day. However, the essence of the concept remains the same: Accordingly, the ultimate purpose of ensuring the seaworthiness of the ship in a freight contract is to complete the voyage with a ship and crew that can deliver the cargo to the port of arrival safely against the severe conditions of the sea. The verification of the ship's seaworthiness serves other purposes that align with the welfare of the general public, including safeguarding the marine ecosystem and preserving human lives. The present study investigates the carrier's legal responsibility for the ship's seaworthiness, voyage worthiness (port clearance), and cargo worthiness within the context of a freight contract. In addition to the prominent focus on Turkish law, our study incorporates international agreements and, notably, the legal jurisprudence of foreign jurisdictions. One of the enduring adages pertaining to nautical existence, The ship is not in the open sea; at the port, she sinks continues to retain its significance in contemporary times. However, it is worth noting that advancements in technology and the emergence of unmanned or remotely controlled ship innovations, such as autonomous ships, indicate that the responsibility for ensuring the ship's seaworthiness will extend beyond the commencement of the journey. This responsibility will likely encompass the entire voyage process, particularly in relation to data link communication.
Description
Keywords
Carrier’s Liability, Contracts, Maritime, Deniz hukuku, Deniz Taşımacılığı, Denize Elverişlilik, Duty of care (due diligence), Gemiler, Geminin Elverişliliği, Gerekli Özeni Göstermek Borcu, Law and legislation, Maritime law, Seaworthiness, Shipping, Ships, Shipworthiness, Sözleşmeler, Deniz, Taşıyanın Sorumluluğu, Turkey, Türkiye, Yasa ve yasama
