Publication: Paralimpik sporcuların vücut bileşimi, beslenme ve hidrasyon profili
Abstract
Amaç: Paralimpik sporcular; çeşitli hastalık/ engellilik durumuna sahip olmaları nedeniyle sağlıklı sporculardan ayrılmaktadır. Araştırma; paralimpik sporcuların vücut bileşimi, beslenme durumu, sıvı alımlarını saptamak ve aralarındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya Türkiye Bedensel Engelliler Spor Federasyonu’na bağlı 4 okçu, 20 ampute futbolcu, 17 tekerlekli sandalye basketbolcu ve 25 yüzücü olmak üzere 66 profesyonel sporcu katılmıştır. Sporcuların demografik özellikleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları verileri toplanmış ve antropometrik ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Beslenme durumunu değerlendirmek için besin tüketim kaydı, fiziksel aktivite düzeyini belirlemek için fiziksel aktivite formu kullanılmış, hidrasyon durumu Su Dengesi Ölçeği ve idrar dansitesi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Sporcuların %87,9’u dört temel besin grubunu tüketirken okçuluk branşında tüketim sıklığının diğer branşlardan düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sporcuların %21,2’si takviye ürün kullanmaktadır. Kadınların üst orta kol çevresi (ÜOKÇ) 28,9±3,8 cm, erkeklerin 30,7±7,0 cm olup branş bazında en düşük ÜOKÇ yüzme branşında bulunmuştur. Sağlıklı sporcular için önerilen referans değerlerin karşılanma durumuna bakıldığında protein, karbonhidrat, demir ve kalsiyumun önerileri karşılamadığı görülmüştür. Antrenman günü karbonhidrat, diyetsel D vitamini, kalsiyum ve magnezyum alımları antrenman olmayan günden daha yüksek olup branşa göre besin ögesi alımlarının farklılaşmadığı saptanmıştır. İdrar dansitesiyle antrenman günü ve antrenman olmayan gün sıvı alımı, egzersiz sırasında içilen su/ sporcu içeceği miktarı ve sporcuların terleme miktarları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç: Paralimpik sporcuların engellilik durumları ve özel gereksinimlerine uygun, beslenme durumunun değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir kılavuzun oluşturulması gerekmektedir.
Aim: Paralympic athletes are seperated from healthy athletes by having various diseases/ disabilities and the auxiliary equipment which they use. This study was planned to evaluate the relationship between fluid, body composition and nutritional status of paralympic athletes. Material and Method: 66 professional athletes depends on TBESF were included in the research. Data on demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, nutritional habit and physical activity of individuals were collected. Dietary record was determined to evaluate the nutritional status of the participants, physical activity form to determine the physical activity level, water balance scale and spesific gravity were determined to evaluate the hydration status for this athletes. Results: While 87,9% of the athletes consumed four basic food groups, it was determined that it was lower in archery than other branches. 21,2% of the athletes use supplements. While MUAC for women was 28,9±3,8 cm and for men was 30,7±7,0 cm, the lowest MUAC on the basis of branch was found in swimming branch. When the reference values recommended for healthy athletes are met, it has been observed that protein, carbohydrate, iron and calcium do not meet the recommendations. Carbohydrate, dietary vitamin D, calcium and magnesium values were found to be higher the training day than non-training day (p<0,05). There was no difference between urine density and fluid intake of water/ sports drink consumed during exercise, and the amount of sweating of the athletes (p>0,05). Conclusion: Considering the disability and special needs of Paralympic athletes, an independent guide should be developed from healthy athletes.
Aim: Paralympic athletes are seperated from healthy athletes by having various diseases/ disabilities and the auxiliary equipment which they use. This study was planned to evaluate the relationship between fluid, body composition and nutritional status of paralympic athletes. Material and Method: 66 professional athletes depends on TBESF were included in the research. Data on demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, nutritional habit and physical activity of individuals were collected. Dietary record was determined to evaluate the nutritional status of the participants, physical activity form to determine the physical activity level, water balance scale and spesific gravity were determined to evaluate the hydration status for this athletes. Results: While 87,9% of the athletes consumed four basic food groups, it was determined that it was lower in archery than other branches. 21,2% of the athletes use supplements. While MUAC for women was 28,9±3,8 cm and for men was 30,7±7,0 cm, the lowest MUAC on the basis of branch was found in swimming branch. When the reference values recommended for healthy athletes are met, it has been observed that protein, carbohydrate, iron and calcium do not meet the recommendations. Carbohydrate, dietary vitamin D, calcium and magnesium values were found to be higher the training day than non-training day (p<0,05). There was no difference between urine density and fluid intake of water/ sports drink consumed during exercise, and the amount of sweating of the athletes (p>0,05). Conclusion: Considering the disability and special needs of Paralympic athletes, an independent guide should be developed from healthy athletes.