Publication: İstanbul'daki Yahudi, Hristiyan ve Müslüman mabedlerinde okunan duaların karşılaştırmalı müzikal analizi
Abstract
İstanbul’daki Yahudi, Hristiyan ve Müslüman mabedlerinde okunan duaların karşılaştırmalı müzikal analizini içeren çalışmamız “Giriş” ve “Sonuç” kısımları haricinde “Bulgular ve Yorumlar” ile “Karşılaştırmalar ve Değerlendirmeler” olmak üzere iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İstanbul’da varlıklarını sürdüren Yahudi, Hristiyan (Ermeni, Rum ve Presbiteryen) ve Müslüman mabedlerin okunan duaların karşılaştırılması; bu bağlamda dualar arasındaki benzerliklerin ve farklılıkların ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda Yahudi, Ermeni, Rum, Presbiteryen ve Müslüman cemaatlerinde haftalık ayinlerde Hicaz, Rast, Segâh, Hüzzam, Nihâvend, Sabâ ve Uşşak makamlarında okunan dualar incelenmiştir. Yahudi cemaati için Şişli Bet-İsrael Sinagogu, Ermeni cemaati için Beyoğlu Üç Horan Ermeni Kilisesi, Rum cemaati için Bakırköy Aya Yorgi Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi, Presbiteryen cemaati için All Saints Moda Presbiteryen Kilisesi ve Müslüman cemaati için Ayasofya Camii örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Okunan dualar öncelikle Waveped Editor kullanılarak okuyuşların yavaşlatılması suretiyle Mus2 nota yardımıyla notaya alınmıştır. Perdelerin cent değerlerini ölçmek amacıyla Tony yazılım kullanılmıştır. Bu sayede icrada kullanılan perdeler arasındaki aralıkların AEU sistemi ile karşılaştırılması sağlanmıştır. Okuyuşlardaki desibel (dB) değerlerini ölçmek amacıyla Praat yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Bu sayede okuyucunun icra esnasında yaptığı vurgular gösterilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda duaların benzer müzikal özelliklerle okunmadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Her ne kadar kullanılan makamların birbirlerine benzemesi veya birbirine yakın karakteristik özellikler göstermesine rağmen her dinî grubun kendine has bir okuyuş refleksine sahip olmasından dolayı, okunan dualarda büyük benzerlikler görülmemiştir.
Our comparative musical analysis of prayers read in Jewish, Christian and Muslim temples in Istanbul, consists of two parts, Findings and Comments and Comparisons and Evaluations, apart from the Introduction and Conclusion parts. In this study, the prayers read in Jewish, Christian (Armenian, Greek and Presbyterian) and Muslim temples in Istanbul are compared. In this context, it is aimed to reveal the similarities and differences between prayers. In our study, the prayers read in weekly rituals in the Jewish, Armenian, Greek, Presbyterian and Muslim communities in Hicaz, Rast, Segâh, Hüzzam, Nihâvend, Sabâ and Uşşak makams were examined. Şişli Bet-Israel Synagogue for the Jewish community, Beyoğlu Üç Horan Armenian Church for the Armenian community, Bakırköy Aya Yorgi Greek Orthodox Church for the Greek community, All Saints Moda Presbyterian Church for the Presbyterian community and Hagia Sophia Mosque for the Muslim community were selected as samples. The prayers read were first recorded using the Waveped Editor program, by slowing down the readings, with the help of the Mus2 notation program. Tony software program was used to measure the cent rates of the notes. In this way, the intervals between the frets used in the performance are compared with the AEU system. Praat software was used to measure decibel (dB) values in readings. In this way, the emphasis of the reader during the performance is shown. As a result of the study, it was determined that the prayers were not read with similar musical features. Although the maqams used are similar to each other or show characteristics close to each other, since each religious group has a unique reading reflex, great similarities were not seen in the prayers recited.
Our comparative musical analysis of prayers read in Jewish, Christian and Muslim temples in Istanbul, consists of two parts, Findings and Comments and Comparisons and Evaluations, apart from the Introduction and Conclusion parts. In this study, the prayers read in Jewish, Christian (Armenian, Greek and Presbyterian) and Muslim temples in Istanbul are compared. In this context, it is aimed to reveal the similarities and differences between prayers. In our study, the prayers read in weekly rituals in the Jewish, Armenian, Greek, Presbyterian and Muslim communities in Hicaz, Rast, Segâh, Hüzzam, Nihâvend, Sabâ and Uşşak makams were examined. Şişli Bet-Israel Synagogue for the Jewish community, Beyoğlu Üç Horan Armenian Church for the Armenian community, Bakırköy Aya Yorgi Greek Orthodox Church for the Greek community, All Saints Moda Presbyterian Church for the Presbyterian community and Hagia Sophia Mosque for the Muslim community were selected as samples. The prayers read were first recorded using the Waveped Editor program, by slowing down the readings, with the help of the Mus2 notation program. Tony software program was used to measure the cent rates of the notes. In this way, the intervals between the frets used in the performance are compared with the AEU system. Praat software was used to measure decibel (dB) values in readings. In this way, the emphasis of the reader during the performance is shown. As a result of the study, it was determined that the prayers were not read with similar musical features. Although the maqams used are similar to each other or show characteristics close to each other, since each religious group has a unique reading reflex, great similarities were not seen in the prayers recited.