Publication: Kuruluşundan Günümüze Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği Örgütü
Abstract
Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği Örgütü (KEİ), Soğuk Savaş sonrası Türkiye'nin öncülüğünde kurulmuş olup kapsama alanı daha çok eski Doğu Bloku ülkeleridir. Bu örgütleşmede Karadeniz kıyısı ve hinterlandında eski Sosyalist sisteme mensup ülkelerin liberal düzene geçişinde uyarlama fonksiyonu öngörülmüştür. Bu kapsamda serbest pazar, katılımcı yönetim, hukukun üstünlüğü ve insan haklarının ön planda tutulduğu bir işbirliği ve entegrasyon hedeflenmiştir. 1990'larda, Rusya Federasyonu'nun (RF) sıkıntılı döneminde kuruluşunu tamamlayan örgüt, daha bu aşamada özellikle kıyıdaş olmayan ülkelerin de üyeliğinde sorunlar yaşamıştır. Azerbaycan ve Arnavutluk'a karşın RF politikalarına yakın duran Ermenistan ve Yunanistan da örgüte kurucu üye olmuşlardır. Yunanistan, Bulgaristan ve Romanya aynı zamanda AB üyesi/üye adayı olduğu halde eski Sovyet cumhuriyetlerinin çoğu aynı zamanda BDT üyesi idi. Bu durum üyeler arasındaki ekonomik, sosyal ve hukuki altyapı uyumsuzluğuna yol açıp aynı zamanda örgütün gelişmesinde ve fonksiyonal hale gelmesinde önemli engel olarak kendisini göstermiştir. 2016 yılı itibariyle KEİ, üye ülkeler arasında düzenli toplantıların yapıldığı, diplomatik temasların gerçekleştiği bir zeminin ötesine pek fazla geçememiştir. Karadeniz bölgesi ve hinterlandı ülkeler olarak işbirliği ve asgari entegrasyon düzeninin kurulması bütün üyelerin çıkarına olduğu halde bölgesel çatışmalar ve ülkesel rekabetler, bu yöndeki örgütleşmeden beklenen sonuca ulaşmayı engellemiştir. Başta Azerbaycan-Ermenistan, Gürcistan-RF ve Ukrayna-RF olmak üzere komşular arasında daha çok sınır ve toprak konusuna dayanan çatışmaların barışçıl çözümünden sonra örgütün fonksiyonal hale gelmesi beklenebilir
Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) is an organization established under Turkish leadership after the Cold War era, and its area of interests rests more among Eastern Bloc countries. It is one of the important function is guiding the transition to a liberal order for the former Socialist countries. In this context, free market, participantory democracy, respect for human rights are primarily targeted. This organization has established in the 1990s as the Russian Federation (RF) was in troubled, and even during this period non-litorial states membership was a contexted issue. Azerbaijan and Albania were accepted as the founding members in exchange for Russian backed Armenia and Greece. Althoug Greece, Bulgaria and Romania were members/candidate members of EU, most of these former Soviet republics were also Commonwealth of Independent States members. Thus, this caused economic, social and legal infrastructure mismatch among members hindering the institution’s ability to become more efficient and functional. As of 2016, BSEC cannot still move beyond remaining permanent platform for diplomatic contacts by gathering its members regularly. Although Black Sea region and its hinterland need cooperation and integration among regional countries, yet due to conflicting interests, national competition and conflicts, blocked the desired result of organization in this direction. Finding peaceful and rightful solutions to territorial conflicts between members, such as Azerbaijan-Armenia, Georgia-RF and Ukraine-RF border and land issues, might make BSEC a more functional and meaningful regional organization.
Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) is an organization established under Turkish leadership after the Cold War era, and its area of interests rests more among Eastern Bloc countries. It is one of the important function is guiding the transition to a liberal order for the former Socialist countries. In this context, free market, participantory democracy, respect for human rights are primarily targeted. This organization has established in the 1990s as the Russian Federation (RF) was in troubled, and even during this period non-litorial states membership was a contexted issue. Azerbaijan and Albania were accepted as the founding members in exchange for Russian backed Armenia and Greece. Althoug Greece, Bulgaria and Romania were members/candidate members of EU, most of these former Soviet republics were also Commonwealth of Independent States members. Thus, this caused economic, social and legal infrastructure mismatch among members hindering the institution’s ability to become more efficient and functional. As of 2016, BSEC cannot still move beyond remaining permanent platform for diplomatic contacts by gathering its members regularly. Although Black Sea region and its hinterland need cooperation and integration among regional countries, yet due to conflicting interests, national competition and conflicts, blocked the desired result of organization in this direction. Finding peaceful and rightful solutions to territorial conflicts between members, such as Azerbaijan-Armenia, Georgia-RF and Ukraine-RF border and land issues, might make BSEC a more functional and meaningful regional organization.