Publication: Hatâbe çerçevesinde Kur’an dilinin bilgi değeri ve meselenin tevhid delilleri yorumuna yansıması
Abstract
Bu tezde Kur’an dilinin bilgi değeri, hatâbe çerçevesinde konu edilmiş ve tevhid delillerinin yorumu örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, klasik dönemde hatâbe çerçevesinde Kur’an dilinin bilgi değerinin nasıl konumlandırıldığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda, klasik dönemde Kur’an’ın anlatım yöntemleri ve bilgi değerinin bir problem olarak algılanıp algılanmadığı, böyle bir problem varsa bunun nasıl aşıldığı ve bu süreçte verilen cevapların Kur’an yorumunu nasıl etkilediği incelenmektedir. Ayrıca, hatâbe ve Kur’an dilinin bilgi değeri arasındaki ilişki tevhid delilleri örnekliğinde ele alınarak Kur’an’da yer alan aklî delillerin bilgi değerinin değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Tevhid delilleri, Allah’ın birliğine yönelik Kur’an’da yer alan kanıtları ifade etmektedir. Çalışmada, bu delillerin bilgi değeri, özellikle el-Enbiyâ 21/ 22, el-Mü’minûn 23/ 91 ve el-İsrâ 17/ 42 âyetleri üzerinden araştırılmaktadır. Çalışmada klasik dönemde Kur’an dilinin bilgi değerinin bir problem olarak algılandığı görülmüştür. Bu problem hatâbe çerçevesinde bir tartışmaya dönüşmüştür. Hatâbe, burhanî kesinliğe sahip olmasa da aklî delillerin bir alt kategorisidir. Buna göre hatâbe çerçevesinde Kur’an dilinin bilgi değerine yönelik dört yaklaşım tespit edilmiş ve bu görüşlerin arka planı tahlil edilmiştir. Kur’an’ın açık ve anlaşılır bir dil kullanması, muhataplarının ihtiyaçlarını ve anlayış seviyelerini dikkate alarak hem sıradan insanları oluşturan avam hem de seçkinler zümresini oluşturan havas için kapsayıcı bir muhatap kitlesi belirlemesi, Kur’an dilinin bilgi değeri konusunun aydınlatılmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Kur’an’da kullanılan dilin ve delillerin farklı seviyelerde anlaşılabilir olması, onun muhataplarının ihtiyaçlarına uygun bir şekilde yorumlanmasını mümkün kılmıştır.
In this thesis, the epistemic value of the Qur’anic language is examined within the framework of khatāba (rhetoric), and the interpretation of evidence of tawhid selected as a case study. The aim of the study is to reveal how the epistemic value of the Qur’anic language was positioned within the framework of khatāba in the classical period. Accordingly, the study investigates whether the Qur’an’s methods of expression and its epistemic value were perceived as a problem in the classical period, how such a problem -if it existed- was resolved, and how the responses formulated during this process influenced the interpretation of the Qur’an. Additionally, by examining the relationship between khatāba and the epistemic value of the Qur’anic language through the example of evidence of tawhid, the study seeks to evaluate the epistemic value of rational proofs found in the Qur’an. Evidence of tawhid refers to the evidences in the Qur’an that demonstrate the oneness of Allah. In this study, the epistemic value of this evidence is specifically analyzed through the verses al-Anbiyāʾ 21:22, al-Muʾminūn 23:91, and al-Isrāʾ 17:42. The study finds that, in the classical period, the epistemic value of the Qur'anic language was perceived as a problem. This issue evolved into a debate within the framework of khatāba. Although khatāba does not possess demonstrative (burhānī) certainty, it is considered a subcategory of rational proofs. Based on this, four approaches regarding the epistemic value of the Qur'anic language within the framework of khatāba have been identified, and the background of these perspectives has been analyzed. The Qur'an's use of a clear and comprehensible language, its ability to address both the ʿawām (the common people) and the khawāṣṣ (the elite) by taking into account the needs and levels of understanding of its audience played a crucial role in elucidating the epistemic value of the Qur'anic language. The varying levels of comprehensibility in the language and proofs employed in the Qur'an have made it possible for its interpretation to align with the needs of its audience.
In this thesis, the epistemic value of the Qur’anic language is examined within the framework of khatāba (rhetoric), and the interpretation of evidence of tawhid selected as a case study. The aim of the study is to reveal how the epistemic value of the Qur’anic language was positioned within the framework of khatāba in the classical period. Accordingly, the study investigates whether the Qur’an’s methods of expression and its epistemic value were perceived as a problem in the classical period, how such a problem -if it existed- was resolved, and how the responses formulated during this process influenced the interpretation of the Qur’an. Additionally, by examining the relationship between khatāba and the epistemic value of the Qur’anic language through the example of evidence of tawhid, the study seeks to evaluate the epistemic value of rational proofs found in the Qur’an. Evidence of tawhid refers to the evidences in the Qur’an that demonstrate the oneness of Allah. In this study, the epistemic value of this evidence is specifically analyzed through the verses al-Anbiyāʾ 21:22, al-Muʾminūn 23:91, and al-Isrāʾ 17:42. The study finds that, in the classical period, the epistemic value of the Qur'anic language was perceived as a problem. This issue evolved into a debate within the framework of khatāba. Although khatāba does not possess demonstrative (burhānī) certainty, it is considered a subcategory of rational proofs. Based on this, four approaches regarding the epistemic value of the Qur'anic language within the framework of khatāba have been identified, and the background of these perspectives has been analyzed. The Qur'an's use of a clear and comprehensible language, its ability to address both the ʿawām (the common people) and the khawāṣṣ (the elite) by taking into account the needs and levels of understanding of its audience played a crucial role in elucidating the epistemic value of the Qur'anic language. The varying levels of comprehensibility in the language and proofs employed in the Qur'an have made it possible for its interpretation to align with the needs of its audience.