Publication: Zarar sigortalarında prim ödeme borcu
Abstract
Bu çalışma zarar sigortalarında prim ödeme borcu ile ilgilidir. Sigorta sözleşmesi tam iki tarafa borç yükleyen bir sözleşmedir. Sigortacının sigorta himayesi sağlama (rizikoyu taşıma) borcuna karşılık, sigorta ettirenin de asli edimini prim ödeme borcu oluşturur. Buna göre prim; rizikonun gerçekleşmesi halinde sigorta bedelini veya tazminatını karşılamak üzere sigorta ettiren tarafından sigortacıya peşin veya taksitle ödenen sigorta ücreti olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu tanımdan da anlaşılacağı üzere, prim ödeme borcu sözleşmenin tarafı olan sigorta ettirene aittir. Dolayısıyla sigorta sözleşmesinden doğan bu borcun yerine getirilmesi, bir takım istisnalar dışında sözleşmenin tarafı olmayan bir üçüncü şahıstan istenemez. Sigorta ettirenin sorumluluğu (rizikoyu taşıma yükümlülüğü) poliçenin teslimine karşılık primin (veya ilk taksitinin) ödenmesi anından itibaren başladığı için, primin veya ilk taksitinin ödenmesi sigorta himayesinin başlaması açısından önemlidir. Çalışma dört bölümden oluşmaktadır: İlk bölümde; prim kavramı, prim borcunun niteliği ve prime hakim olan ilkelere yer verilmiştir. Primin Ödenmesi başlıklı ikinci bölümde; primin borçlusu, alacaklısı, ödeme yeri ve zamanı ile ödeme şekli ele alınmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde; primin ödenmesinde temerrüdün şartları, Alman, İsviçre ve Fransız hukuklarındaki düzenlemelerle birlikte incelenmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde ise; söz konusu hukuk sistemlerinde temerrüdün sonuçlarına yer verilerek, çalışma genel bir değerlendirmenin yapıldığı sonuç bölümü ile tamamlanmıştır.
This study deals with the obligation of the payment of the premium in the damage (property) insurance. Insurance contract is a contract type containing reciprocal promises. While the insurers' obligation is to provide insurance protection (liability from the risk), the principal obligation of the policy holder involves obligation to pay the premium. According to this brief explanation, premium may be defined as insurance consideration paid by a policy holder in whole or by instalments to the insurer in exchange his undertaking to pay the sum insured or insurance indemnity in the case of the risk. As it is clear from this definition, the obligation to pay a premium falls to the policy holder who is a party to the contract. Therefore, the discharge of this obligation, saving the some exceptions, cannot be claimed from a third person. The payment of the premium or first instalment of which is important for commencement of the insurance protection since the undertakings of the insurers to hand over the policy (the liability to pay the sum insured) starts from the date of payment of the premium (or its first instalment). This study consist of four section: In the first section; the concept of premium, the nature of the premium obligation and the principles concerning premium. In the second section titled the payment of the premium; the creditor and debtor of the premium, place and time of payment and the form of payment have been considered. In the third section; conditions of the default in the payment of premium have been examined with references to the German, Swiss and French laws on the premium. In the four section; the results of the default in the law systems of the countries mentioned above have been evaluated and the study has been completed with a general assessment at the conclusion section.
This study deals with the obligation of the payment of the premium in the damage (property) insurance. Insurance contract is a contract type containing reciprocal promises. While the insurers' obligation is to provide insurance protection (liability from the risk), the principal obligation of the policy holder involves obligation to pay the premium. According to this brief explanation, premium may be defined as insurance consideration paid by a policy holder in whole or by instalments to the insurer in exchange his undertaking to pay the sum insured or insurance indemnity in the case of the risk. As it is clear from this definition, the obligation to pay a premium falls to the policy holder who is a party to the contract. Therefore, the discharge of this obligation, saving the some exceptions, cannot be claimed from a third person. The payment of the premium or first instalment of which is important for commencement of the insurance protection since the undertakings of the insurers to hand over the policy (the liability to pay the sum insured) starts from the date of payment of the premium (or its first instalment). This study consist of four section: In the first section; the concept of premium, the nature of the premium obligation and the principles concerning premium. In the second section titled the payment of the premium; the creditor and debtor of the premium, place and time of payment and the form of payment have been considered. In the third section; conditions of the default in the payment of premium have been examined with references to the German, Swiss and French laws on the premium. In the four section; the results of the default in the law systems of the countries mentioned above have been evaluated and the study has been completed with a general assessment at the conclusion section.