Publication: Takım sporcularında zihinsel yorgunluğun dinlenme ve psikolojik toparlanma ile ilişkisi üzerine boylamsal bir çalışma
Abstract
Amaç: Takım sporcularının psikolojik toparlanma durumlarını yorgunluk, müsabaka durumları ve duygu durumları yönünden boylamsal olarak incelenmesi amacıyla iki çalışma yapılmıştır. Çalışma 1’de Sporda Psikolojik Toparlanma Ölçeği (SPTÖ)’nün geliştirilmesi ve Çalışma 2’de geliştirilen SPTÖ ile uzun vadeli olarak takım sporcularının takibi gerçekleştirilerek sporcuların psikolojik toparlanmalarına ilişkin bir model ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma 1’e 16 yaş ve üstündeki lisanslı sporcular; Çalışma 2’ye ise 18 yaşından büyük, en az 3 yıl lisanslı olarak spor yapan futbolcular ve basketbolcular katılmıştır. Çalışma 1’de SPTÖ, Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Ölçeği ile Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) Yorgunluk Ölçeği; Çalışma 2’de SPTÖ, CIS, Görsel Analog Testleri ve IZOF Duygu Durum Profili kullanılmıştır. Çalışma 1’in analizlerinde AFA ve DFA; Çalışma 2’nin analizlerinde ise çizgi grafik, hiyerarşik regresyon analizi ve karar ağacı modellemesi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma 1’de elde edilen AFA bulguları ile faktör yapısı belirlenmiş ve DFA bulguları, ölçeğin model-veri uyumunun mükemmel ve iyi düzeyde olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışma 2’de yorgunluk, müsabaka ve IZOF gruplarının bazı haftalarda SPTÖ’nün belirleyicisi olduğu, bazı haftalarda ise belirlemediği saptanmıştır. Ortaya konulan karar ağacı modelinde, kök düğüm iyiye dönüş şeklindedir. Ortalamanın üstünde-mükemmel bir şekilde psikolojik olarak toparlanan sporcuların birinci ağaç derinliğinde zihinsel toparlanma ve ikinci derinliğinde ağırlıklı olarak psikolojik kopma saptanmıştır. Çok kötü-orta bir şekilde psikolojik olarak toparlanan sporcuların birinci ağaç derinliğinde iyiye dönüş, ikinci ağaç derinliğinde ise zihinsel toparlanma ve psikolojik kopma olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: Sporda Psikolojik Toparlanma Ölçeği (SPTÖ)’nün geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracıdır. Karar ağacı modeliyle ortalamanın üstünde-mükemmel bir şekilde psikolojik toparlanan sporcuların zihinsel toparlanma ve ağırlıklı olarak psikolojik kopma yollarını izledikleri; çok kötü-ortalama bir şekilde toparlanan sporcuların ise iyiye dönüşten sonra tekrar iyiye dönüş yaşadıkları ve daha sonra zihinsel toparlanma ve psikolojik kopma yolunu izledikleri, toparlanmanın bireysel olarak ele alınması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Objective: Two studies were conducted to longitudinally examine the psychological recovery of team athletes in terms of fatigue, competition situations and mood states. In Study 1, it was aimed to develop the Sport Psychological Recovery Scale (SPRS) and in Study 2, it was aimed to develop a model for the psychological recovery of athletes by following team athletes in the long term with the developed SPRS. Materials and Methods: In study 1, included licensed athletes 16 years of age and older; in Study 2, included football and basketball players 18 years of age and older who has play licensed sports for at least 3 years. In Study 1, SPTÖ, Mental Endurance Scale and Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) Fatigue Scale were used; in Study 2, SPTÖ, CIS, Visual Analogue Tests and IZOF Mood Profile were used. EFA and CFA were used in the analyses of Study 1; line graph, hierarchical regression analysis and decision tree modelling were used in the analyses of Study 2. Results: The EFA results obtained in Study 1 determined the factor structure, and the CFA results obtained indicated that the model-data fit of the scale was excellent and good. In Study 2, fatigue, competition and IZOF groups were found to be determinants of SPTÖ in some weeks, but not in some weeks. In the decision tree model, the root node is a return to good. In athletes who recovered psychologically in an above-average-excellent way, mental recovery was found in the first tree depth and mainly psychological detachment was found in the second depth. The athletes who recovered psychologically in a very poor-average way were found to have a return to good in the first tree depth and mental recovery and psychological detachment in the second tree depth. Conclusion: The Psychological Recovery Scale in Sport (SPTÖ) is a valid and reliable measurement tool. With the decision tree model, it was concluded that athletes with above-average-excellent psychological recovery follow the paths of mental recovery and mainly psychological detachment; athletes with very poor-average recovery experience a return to good after a return to good and then follow the path of mental recovery and psychological detachment, and recovery should be handled individually.
Objective: Two studies were conducted to longitudinally examine the psychological recovery of team athletes in terms of fatigue, competition situations and mood states. In Study 1, it was aimed to develop the Sport Psychological Recovery Scale (SPRS) and in Study 2, it was aimed to develop a model for the psychological recovery of athletes by following team athletes in the long term with the developed SPRS. Materials and Methods: In study 1, included licensed athletes 16 years of age and older; in Study 2, included football and basketball players 18 years of age and older who has play licensed sports for at least 3 years. In Study 1, SPTÖ, Mental Endurance Scale and Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) Fatigue Scale were used; in Study 2, SPTÖ, CIS, Visual Analogue Tests and IZOF Mood Profile were used. EFA and CFA were used in the analyses of Study 1; line graph, hierarchical regression analysis and decision tree modelling were used in the analyses of Study 2. Results: The EFA results obtained in Study 1 determined the factor structure, and the CFA results obtained indicated that the model-data fit of the scale was excellent and good. In Study 2, fatigue, competition and IZOF groups were found to be determinants of SPTÖ in some weeks, but not in some weeks. In the decision tree model, the root node is a return to good. In athletes who recovered psychologically in an above-average-excellent way, mental recovery was found in the first tree depth and mainly psychological detachment was found in the second depth. The athletes who recovered psychologically in a very poor-average way were found to have a return to good in the first tree depth and mental recovery and psychological detachment in the second tree depth. Conclusion: The Psychological Recovery Scale in Sport (SPTÖ) is a valid and reliable measurement tool. With the decision tree model, it was concluded that athletes with above-average-excellent psychological recovery follow the paths of mental recovery and mainly psychological detachment; athletes with very poor-average recovery experience a return to good after a return to good and then follow the path of mental recovery and psychological detachment, and recovery should be handled individually.