Publication: Ekonomi politik açıdan iklim krizi ve yenilenebilir enerjinin geleceği
Abstract
Ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyleri dikkate alınmaksızın hemen her ülke için geçerli olan enerji ihtiyacı, üretimin temel unsurunu oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle Sanayi Devrimi ile yaşanan üretim artışı, enerji ihtiyacını günden güne arttırarak gerek ekonomik gerekse çevresel birçok sorunu beraberinde getirmiştir. Ekonomik anlamda ülkeler arasında yaşanan enerjinin üretim-tüketim-bölüşüm ilişkileri bağlamında yaşattığı eşitsizlik problemleri var olurken; çevresel anlamda ise hangi tür enerji kullanılacağı tartışma konusu olmuştur. Önceleri dünya ekonomisinin işleyişini domine eden enerji kaynakları dendiğinde akla gelen kömür, petrol ve doğalgaz gibi fosil yakıtların dünya rezervleri incelendiğinde önümüzdeki 50 yıl içerisinde tükeneceği yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Bu gerçeklik de bize göstermektedir ki yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının tercihi artık sadece çevresel bir problem değildir. O halde karşımıza, yenilenebilir enerjinin üretim-tüketim-bölüşüm ilişkilerinin devletler, şirketler ve enerji piyasaları bağlamında nasıl gerçekleşeceği, bu dönüşümden hali hazırdaki petrol, doğalgaz devleti olarak adlandırılan devletlerin nasıl etkileneceği, ana konusu petrol üretim ve ticareti olan şirketlerin dönüşümünü nasıl organize edeceği soruları çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca tüm bu dönüşümün finansmanının nereden sağlanacağı ve bu finansmanın küresel finans piyasalarına etkisinin nasıl olacağı da düşünülmeye değerdir. Bu çalışmada yukarıda bahsedilen konulara ek olarak sera gazı salınımının en önemli nedeni olan fosil yakıt kullanımının neden olduğu küresel ısınma ve sonucunda gerçekleşen iklim değişikliği incelenmiştir.
The basic element of production is energy requirement regardless of countries’level of development The increase of production, especially with The Industrial Revolution, brought along not only economical but also so many environmental problems by raising the need of energy day by day. Economically, there are problems of inequality about production, consumption and distribution of energy while environmentally, the question is which kind of energy is useable. When the global reserves of fossil fuels such as coal, petrol and natural gas which once dominated the economic process of the world are examined it is undeniable that they are going to be depleted in 50 years. It shows that prefering renewable energy in production is not just an environmental problem anymore. In that case, problems such as how renewable energy’s productıon, consumption and distribution will be formed in goverments, countries or energy markets, how the largest oil producer goverments will be affected and how the companies which are focused on oil production and trade will organize this transformation they encounter. Also, how all of transformation will be supported financially? In this study, in addition to what is mentioned above, greenhouse gas emissions, global warming caused by fossil fuel consumption and climate change is examined. There are unavoidable results caused by climate change for our country too. Some of these results are drought, deforestation – desertification, decreasing biodiversity. Besides the economic consequences of these situations, there is no obstacle to not being considered as a national security issue.
The basic element of production is energy requirement regardless of countries’level of development The increase of production, especially with The Industrial Revolution, brought along not only economical but also so many environmental problems by raising the need of energy day by day. Economically, there are problems of inequality about production, consumption and distribution of energy while environmentally, the question is which kind of energy is useable. When the global reserves of fossil fuels such as coal, petrol and natural gas which once dominated the economic process of the world are examined it is undeniable that they are going to be depleted in 50 years. It shows that prefering renewable energy in production is not just an environmental problem anymore. In that case, problems such as how renewable energy’s productıon, consumption and distribution will be formed in goverments, countries or energy markets, how the largest oil producer goverments will be affected and how the companies which are focused on oil production and trade will organize this transformation they encounter. Also, how all of transformation will be supported financially? In this study, in addition to what is mentioned above, greenhouse gas emissions, global warming caused by fossil fuel consumption and climate change is examined. There are unavoidable results caused by climate change for our country too. Some of these results are drought, deforestation – desertification, decreasing biodiversity. Besides the economic consequences of these situations, there is no obstacle to not being considered as a national security issue.