Publication: Biyografik eserlere göre Selçuklular Döneminde Irak'ta sosyal hayat
Abstract
İslâm telif geleneğinde biyografi yazıcılığı ilk olarak Hz. Peygamber, sahâbe, tabiîn ve sonraki nesillerin hayatını tespit etmek için ortaya çıkmıştır. İlerleyen dönemlerde ise biyografi yazıcılığının alanı genişleyerek toplumun her kesiminden hekim, şair, edip, mutasavvıf ve mezhep âlimi gibi belli bir zümreye mensup şahsiyetlerin biyografilerinin konu edildiği tabakât ve alanında meşhur kişilerin vefat tarihlerine göre hal tercümelerinin yer aldığı vefeyât türünde eserler verilmeye başlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte senelere göre genel İslam tarihi kaleme alan müellifler de olaylarını zikrettiklerin yılların sonunda o yıl vefat etmiş kişilerin hayat hikayelerini vermek suretiyle biyografi geleneğini devam ettirmişlerdir. Biyografilerde kişinin aile, eğitim ve meslek hayatı ile yaşadığı şehir ve döneme ait bilgilerin bulunması, söz konusu bu eserleri özellikle kaynak eksikliğinin hissedildiği Selçuklular zamanında sosyal hayatın işleyişine dair araştırmalar için son derece önemli birer kaynak haline getirmektedir. Kurulmalarının akabinde 1055 yılında Sultan Tuğrul Bey’in Bağdad’a girmesiyle Irak coğrafyasına hâkim olan Selçuklular zamanında mezkûr coğrafyada sosyal hayatın unsurları olan dinî, adlî ve ilmî yaşamın işleyişinin insan merkezinde konu edindiği bu araştırmada, Selçuklular zamanında Irak’ta yaşayan kişilerin biyografilerden hareketle prosopografik bir yaklaşım çerçevesinde dönemin sosyal hayatı incelenmeye ve bu hayatın ana öznesi olan kamu görevlilerinin formasyonları, onların toplum indindeki algılanış biçimleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
In the Islamic writing tradition, biography writing first emerged to determine the lives of the Prophet Muhammad, his companions, tabi'in and later generations. In later periods, the scope of biography writing expanded and works such as tabqat, which included the biographies of certain groups of people such as doctors, poets, writers, mystics and sectarian scholars from all walks of life, and vefayat, which included the life translations of famous figures in their fields according to their death dates, began to be produced. In addition, authors who wrote general Islamic history according to years continued the biography tradition by giving the life stories of people who died at the end of the years they mentioned. The fact that information about the person's family, education and professional life, as well as the city and period he lived in was included in biographies, making these works extremely important sources for research on the functioning of social life, especially during the Seljuk period, when there was a lack of resources. In this research, which focuses on the functioning of religious, judicial and scientific life, which were the elements of social life in the mentioned geography during the Seljuk period, which dominated the Iraqi geography after Sultan Tugrul Bey entered Baghdad in 1055 following their establishment, the social life of the period was examined within the framework of a prosopographic approach based on the biographies of the people living in the Iraqi geography during the Seljuk period, and the formations of the public officials, who were the main subjects of this life, and the ways they were perceived by the society were tried to be revealed.
In the Islamic writing tradition, biography writing first emerged to determine the lives of the Prophet Muhammad, his companions, tabi'in and later generations. In later periods, the scope of biography writing expanded and works such as tabqat, which included the biographies of certain groups of people such as doctors, poets, writers, mystics and sectarian scholars from all walks of life, and vefayat, which included the life translations of famous figures in their fields according to their death dates, began to be produced. In addition, authors who wrote general Islamic history according to years continued the biography tradition by giving the life stories of people who died at the end of the years they mentioned. The fact that information about the person's family, education and professional life, as well as the city and period he lived in was included in biographies, making these works extremely important sources for research on the functioning of social life, especially during the Seljuk period, when there was a lack of resources. In this research, which focuses on the functioning of religious, judicial and scientific life, which were the elements of social life in the mentioned geography during the Seljuk period, which dominated the Iraqi geography after Sultan Tugrul Bey entered Baghdad in 1055 following their establishment, the social life of the period was examined within the framework of a prosopographic approach based on the biographies of the people living in the Iraqi geography during the Seljuk period, and the formations of the public officials, who were the main subjects of this life, and the ways they were perceived by the society were tried to be revealed.