Publication: Tekke etrafında teşekkül eden tarîkat âdâbı (Himmet Efendi’nin Âdâb-ı Hurde-i Tarîkat ve Manzûm Tarîkatnâmesi örneği)
Abstract
Hacı Bayrâm Velî (ö. 833/ 1430) tarafından kurulan Bayramiyye tarikatı, Osmanlı tasavvuf ve kültür hayatında önemli vazifeler îfâ etmiştir. Müessisinin vefatından sonra ‘Şemsiyye’, ‘Melâmiyye’ ve ‘Celvetiyye’ olarak üç ana kol halinde varlığını sürdüren Bayramiyye, zamanla geniş bir halk kitlesine mâl olmuş ve toplum tarafından hüsnükabul görmüştür. Bayramiyye’nin Şemsiyye kolu İbrahim Tennûrî (ö. 887/ 1482)’ye nisbet edilen ‘Tennûriyye’, Şeyh Mecdüddîn İsa Akhisarî (ö. 967/ 1559-60)’ye nisbet edilen ‘Îseviyye’ ve Bolulu Himmet Efendi (ö. 1095/ 1684)’ye nisbet edilen ‘Himmetiyye’ şubeleriyle devam etmiştir. Şemsiyye-i Bayramiyye’nin Himmetiyye şubesi, XVII. yüzyılın sonları ile XX. yüzyılın başları arasında İstanbul’da Bayramiyye’nin en önemli temsilcisi olmuş ve 1925 tekkelerin kapanmasına kadar bu işlevini sürdürmüştür. Himmetiyye’nin müessisi sayılan Bolulu Himmet Efendi, XVII. yüzyılda yaşamış önemli bir mutasavvıf ve şairdir. Himmet Efendi, kaleme aldığı Âdâb-ı Hurde-i Tarîkat ve Manzûm Tarîkatnâme isimli eserleriyle tarikatının âdâb ve erkânını belirlemiştir. Himmetiyye tarikatı, müessisinin vefatından sonra Himmet Efendi’nin soyundan gelen Himmetzâdeliler tarafından İstanbul’un çeşitli tekkelerinde temsil edilmiştir.Yaptığımız bu çalışma, yaklaşık üç asır boyunca Şemsiyye-i Bayramiyye’nin İstanbul’daki temsilcisi olan Himmetiyye şubesinin pîrinin hayatı, eserleri, silsilesi, faaliyetleri ve etkilerinin yanı sıra kendisinden sonra Himmetiyye’nin kimler tarafından hangi tekkelerde temsil edildiğini açıklamayı hedeflemektedir. Bunun yanı sıra Âdâb-ı Hurde-i Tarîkat ve Manzûm Tarîkatnâme adlı iki eser çerçevesinde Himmet Efendi’nin âdâb-ı sûfiyyeye dair görüşlerinin neler olduğu üzerinde durularak Himmetiyye’nin âdâb ve erkânını tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
The Bayramiyyah order which has been established by Hacı Bayrām Velī (d. 833/ 1430) had important impacts on Ottoman Sufism and culture. In time the order which split into three branches namely the Shamsiyyah, the Melamiyyah and the Calvatiyyah became widely accepted by the people after the decease of its founder. The Shamsiyyah branch of the Bayramiyyah order continued its existence with the Tennuriyyah branch attributed to İbrahim Tennūrī (d. 887/ 1482), the İseviyyah branch attributed to Mecduddīn İsa Akhisarī (d. 967/ 1559-60) and lastly the Himmetiyyah branch which is attributed to Himmet Efendi (d. 1095/ 1684). The Himmatiyyah substation of the Shamsiyyah branch became the most important representative of the Bayramiyyah order in Istanbul between the eighteen and twentieth century and kept this position until the closing/ banning of the dervish lodges (the Takkas) in 1925. Himmet Efendi which is generally accepted as the founder of the Himmetiyyah substation was an important Sufi and poet of the seventieth century. With his two works Ādāb-i Hurde-i Tarīkat and the Manzūm Tarīkatnāme he described the etiquette and methods of his order. The Himmatiyyah order has been represented in different lodges in Istanbul by various Himmetites that are the descendants of Himmet Efendi (Himmetzāde).Our work will be focused on the life, work, lineage, contribution and descendants of the founder of the Himmatiyyah and also on who represented his order after him and in which lodges. The work also pursuits to explain the thoughts of Himmet Efendi regarding the etiquettes of the Sufis in his two works the Ādāb-i Hurde-i Tarīkat and the Manzūm Tarīkatnāme and try to identify the etiquette and methods of the Himmetiyyah order.
The Bayramiyyah order which has been established by Hacı Bayrām Velī (d. 833/ 1430) had important impacts on Ottoman Sufism and culture. In time the order which split into three branches namely the Shamsiyyah, the Melamiyyah and the Calvatiyyah became widely accepted by the people after the decease of its founder. The Shamsiyyah branch of the Bayramiyyah order continued its existence with the Tennuriyyah branch attributed to İbrahim Tennūrī (d. 887/ 1482), the İseviyyah branch attributed to Mecduddīn İsa Akhisarī (d. 967/ 1559-60) and lastly the Himmetiyyah branch which is attributed to Himmet Efendi (d. 1095/ 1684). The Himmatiyyah substation of the Shamsiyyah branch became the most important representative of the Bayramiyyah order in Istanbul between the eighteen and twentieth century and kept this position until the closing/ banning of the dervish lodges (the Takkas) in 1925. Himmet Efendi which is generally accepted as the founder of the Himmetiyyah substation was an important Sufi and poet of the seventieth century. With his two works Ādāb-i Hurde-i Tarīkat and the Manzūm Tarīkatnāme he described the etiquette and methods of his order. The Himmatiyyah order has been represented in different lodges in Istanbul by various Himmetites that are the descendants of Himmet Efendi (Himmetzāde).Our work will be focused on the life, work, lineage, contribution and descendants of the founder of the Himmatiyyah and also on who represented his order after him and in which lodges. The work also pursuits to explain the thoughts of Himmet Efendi regarding the etiquettes of the Sufis in his two works the Ādāb-i Hurde-i Tarīkat and the Manzūm Tarīkatnāme and try to identify the etiquette and methods of the Himmetiyyah order.