Publication: Mushaf imlası edebiyatının kaynak analizi: Danî’nin el-Mukni’i örneği
Abstract
Hz. Osman’ın hilafeti döneminde, Kur’an’ın iki kapak arasına alınmasıyla başlayan Mushaf Tarihi, Mesahif-i Osmaniyye olarak anılan ilk Kur’an nüshaları çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. Sonraki dönemde yürütülen mushaf çalışmalarında bu ilk nüshaların esas alınması yönünde oluşan güçlü kabul, onları, muhtelif yönlerden inceleyen çalışmalara vücut vermiştir. Bu çalışmalar içinde anılan mushafların metin ve imla yapılarını inceleyen eserler önemli bir yer tutmuştur. Başlangıcı hicri ikinci asrın ilk çeyreğine tarihlendirilebilecek olan ve ilk mushafları metin ve imla yönünden incelemeye tabi tutan çalışmalar çerçevesinde oluşan bilgi birikimi, dördüncü asırla birlikte sistematik, ansiklopedik eserler dâhilinde bir araya getirilmiştir. Konuyla ilgili olarak erken dönemde yürütülen çalışmaların büyük bölümünün sonraki devirlere intikal edememiş olması, bu ansiklopedik çalışmaları daha da önemli kılmıştır ki bunların başında beşinci asır âlimlerinden Endülüslü Ebû Amr ed-Dânî’nin “el-Mukni‘ fî Ma‘rifeti Mersûmi Mesâhifi Ehli’l-Emsâr” isimli çalışması gelmektedir. Zira bu eser, sonraki dönemlere intikal etme imkânı bulamayan erken dönem müellefatının içerdiği bilgi birikimine ulaşmaya aracılık etmesinin ötesinde, mushaflara ilişkin doğrudan gözlemleri içermesiyle de kendinden sonraki çalışmaların ana referans metinlerinden biri olmuştur. Yakın dönemde yürütülen mushaf kitabeti ve basımı çalışmalarında, imlanın tayin ve tespitinde esas alınan ana metinlerden birinin ve belki de ilkinin el-Mukni‘ oluşu, onun referans metin olma vasfının devamlılığını göstermektedir. Mushaf imlası edebiyatı içerisindeki bu başat konumu sebebiyledir ki bu çalışmada el-Mukni‘ kaynak analizine tabi tutulmuş, bu yapılırken de onun içerdiği bilgi birikiminin hangi kaynaklara refere edildiğinin tespitine çalışılmıştır. Bu yönde bir tespit, sadece el-Mukni’in içerdiği bilgileri ve bu bilgilerin hangi türden kaynaklardan temin edildiğini ortaya koymayacak, yanı sıra mushaf imlasına ilişkin bilginin alanını el-Mukni‘ ile sınırlandırma ve bunun dışına çıkan uygulamaları reddetme şeklindeki yaklaşımın sıhhatini de sorgulayacaktır.
The historical process of multiplying the copies of Qur’an, known as the Mushaf History, that was initiated during the time of the 3rd caliph Uthman (r.a.), has developed and taken form within the framework of the first manuscripts of Qur’an -mushafs, known as Mesâhif-i Uthmaniyye- the mushafs by Uthman. Mushaf studies that examined the earlier texts from different angles in the following eras were based on the strong tendency toward the unanimous approval of these earlier mushafs to be taken as the theoretical criteria by the latter scholars. Among those aforementioned studies, those that focus on the textual and orthografıc structure have a significant place. The studies on the textual and orthografıc structure of the first manuscripts -mushafs, that could be dated back to the first quarter of the second century Hijri paved the way to the accumulation of information that were systematically collected in an encyclopedic fashion by the 4th century Hijri. The fact that a considerable amount of the earlier Mushaf studies have failed to be tranferred to later times have increased the value of such encyclopedic collections. One such valuable work is that of the Andulucian scholar Ebû Amr ed-Dani entitled “Al-Mukni‘ fî Ma‘rifeti Mersumi Mesahifi Ehli’l-Emsar. This work has not only passed down some information contained in the earlier Mushaf studies that failed to reach the following era but also provided insight regarding the earlier mushafs. As a result, it has been a significant source of reference for the later studies. Al-Mukni‘ still preserves its status as a sustainable authority and a source of reference in that it was used in the diagnosis and designation of mushaf orthography in the writing and publication process of mushafs in recent years. It is due to this dominant position within the mushaf orthography literature that Al Mukni‘ was subjected to crossreferencing of resources in this current study while at the same time it was analyzed as to which sources the accumulated information that is contained within refers to. A designation along this line as a result of this analysis will not only reveal the information in Al Mukni‘ and the resources that it refers to but will also question the approach that restricts the knowledge and information in this field by the framework of Al-Mukni‘ and the validity of rejecting any study that does not fit it.
The historical process of multiplying the copies of Qur’an, known as the Mushaf History, that was initiated during the time of the 3rd caliph Uthman (r.a.), has developed and taken form within the framework of the first manuscripts of Qur’an -mushafs, known as Mesâhif-i Uthmaniyye- the mushafs by Uthman. Mushaf studies that examined the earlier texts from different angles in the following eras were based on the strong tendency toward the unanimous approval of these earlier mushafs to be taken as the theoretical criteria by the latter scholars. Among those aforementioned studies, those that focus on the textual and orthografıc structure have a significant place. The studies on the textual and orthografıc structure of the first manuscripts -mushafs, that could be dated back to the first quarter of the second century Hijri paved the way to the accumulation of information that were systematically collected in an encyclopedic fashion by the 4th century Hijri. The fact that a considerable amount of the earlier Mushaf studies have failed to be tranferred to later times have increased the value of such encyclopedic collections. One such valuable work is that of the Andulucian scholar Ebû Amr ed-Dani entitled “Al-Mukni‘ fî Ma‘rifeti Mersumi Mesahifi Ehli’l-Emsar. This work has not only passed down some information contained in the earlier Mushaf studies that failed to reach the following era but also provided insight regarding the earlier mushafs. As a result, it has been a significant source of reference for the later studies. Al-Mukni‘ still preserves its status as a sustainable authority and a source of reference in that it was used in the diagnosis and designation of mushaf orthography in the writing and publication process of mushafs in recent years. It is due to this dominant position within the mushaf orthography literature that Al Mukni‘ was subjected to crossreferencing of resources in this current study while at the same time it was analyzed as to which sources the accumulated information that is contained within refers to. A designation along this line as a result of this analysis will not only reveal the information in Al Mukni‘ and the resources that it refers to but will also question the approach that restricts the knowledge and information in this field by the framework of Al-Mukni‘ and the validity of rejecting any study that does not fit it.