Publication: Sualtı hokeyinde kullanılan paletlerin performansa etkisinin biyomekanik açıdan incelenmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Sualtı hokeyi oynayan sporcuların kullandığı üç farklı palet modeline göre biyomekanik parametrelerinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonunda lisanslı olarak sualtı hokeyi oynayan elit 10 erkek sporcu (yaş ortalamaları: 24,40±4,27 yıl; boy ortalamaları: 180,10±5,40 cm; vücut ağırlığı ortalamaları: 74,60±14,15 kg) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Bu araştırmada iki farklı sualtı testi kullanılmıştır. Bunlardan birincisi ipe bağlı sualtında statik serbest ayak vuruşu (SSA), ikincisi 12,5 metre ilerledikleri dinamik serbest ayak vuruşudur (DSA). SSA testindeki zirve kuvvet, ortalama kuvvet, ayak vuruş frekansı, genlik mesafesi, ayak vuruş sayısı ve DSA testindeki bitiş süresi, ayak vuruş sayısı, ayak vuruş frekansı belirlenmiştir. SSA sırasında kuvvet değerleri, gövdeye esnemeyen bir ipe bağlı olan loadcell; sayı, frekans ve genlik mesafesi yedi farklı noktaya yerleştirilen Notch® marka ivmeölçerler ile ölçülmüştür. SSA testinde sporcular üç farklı palet ile sualtında 10 saniye serbest ayak vuruşu, DSA testinde ikişer 12,5 metre maksimal serbest ayak vuruşu uygulamıştır. DSA testinde ayak vuruş sayısı, 60 Hz özelliğindeki sualtı kamerasından alınan görüntülerin Kinovea 0.9.5 programında sayılarak; ayak vuruş süresi ise aynı programda kronometre özelliği kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Veriler IBM SPSS 22.0 ile analiz edilmiştir. Üçlü karşılaştırmalarda tekrarlı varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Güven aralığı p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: SSA testinde ayak vuruş süresinde, frekansında ve zirve ortalama kuvvet değerlerinde üç farklı palet modeline göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklara rastlanmıştır (p<0,05). DSA testinde ayak vuruş sayısı ve frekansı üç farklı palet modeline göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç: Oyun içinde kısa mesafede patlayıcı kuvvetin ve ani yer değiştirmelerin çeviklik açısından önemli olan pozisyonlarda fiber ve sert yapıya sahip paletler tercih edilebilir. Yumuşak ve kanallı uzun yapıya sahip paletler ise kısa mesafede ani yer değiştirme yapmasına gerek olmayan pozisyondaki oyuncular tarafından tercih edilebilir. Buna ek olarak, kısa ve orta sert yapılı palet modelleri ise başlangıç anında paka ilk ulaşması ve oyun içerisinde kısa mesafede hızlı suda ilerlemesi gereken takım oyuncuları tarafından tercih edilebilir.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical parameters of underwater hockey players according to three different fins models. Materials and Methods: Ten elite male athletes (mean age:24.40±4.27years; mean height:180.10±5.40cm; mean body weight:74.60±14.15kg) participated voluntarily. Two different underwater tests were used in this study. The first one is the static flutter kick (SFK) underwater with a rope, and the second one is the dynamic flutter kick (DFK) in which they advanced 12.5 meters. Peak force, average force, kick frequency, kick count, amplitude distance in SFK test and end time, kick count, kick frequency in DFK test were determined. During SFK, force values were measured with a loadcell attached to the torso with a non-stretchable rope; count, frequency and amplitude distance were measured with Notch® gyroscopes placed at seven different points. In the SFK test, the athletes performed a 10-second flutter kick underwater ; in the DFK test, two 12.5 meter maximal flutter kick were performed with three different fins. Kick count was determined by counting the images taken from the underwater 60 Hz camera in Kinovea 0.9.5, end time was determined using the stopwatch in this programme. The datas were analyzed with IBM SPSS 22.0. Repeated variance analysis was used for triple comparisons (p<0.05). Results: In the SFK test, statistically significant differences were found in kick time, frequency and peak mean force according to three different fins (p<0.05). In the DFK test, statistically significant differences were shown in the number and frequency of kick according to three different fins (p<0.05). Conclusion: In positions where explosive force and sudden displacements are important in terms of agility at short distances in the game, fibre and hard fins can be preferred. On the other hand, soft and grooved long fins can be preferred by players in positions that do not need to make sudden displacements at short distances. In addition, short and medium hard fins can be preferred by team players who need to be the first to reach the puck at the start of the game and who need to progress in fast water over short distances during the game.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical parameters of underwater hockey players according to three different fins models. Materials and Methods: Ten elite male athletes (mean age:24.40±4.27years; mean height:180.10±5.40cm; mean body weight:74.60±14.15kg) participated voluntarily. Two different underwater tests were used in this study. The first one is the static flutter kick (SFK) underwater with a rope, and the second one is the dynamic flutter kick (DFK) in which they advanced 12.5 meters. Peak force, average force, kick frequency, kick count, amplitude distance in SFK test and end time, kick count, kick frequency in DFK test were determined. During SFK, force values were measured with a loadcell attached to the torso with a non-stretchable rope; count, frequency and amplitude distance were measured with Notch® gyroscopes placed at seven different points. In the SFK test, the athletes performed a 10-second flutter kick underwater ; in the DFK test, two 12.5 meter maximal flutter kick were performed with three different fins. Kick count was determined by counting the images taken from the underwater 60 Hz camera in Kinovea 0.9.5, end time was determined using the stopwatch in this programme. The datas were analyzed with IBM SPSS 22.0. Repeated variance analysis was used for triple comparisons (p<0.05). Results: In the SFK test, statistically significant differences were found in kick time, frequency and peak mean force according to three different fins (p<0.05). In the DFK test, statistically significant differences were shown in the number and frequency of kick according to three different fins (p<0.05). Conclusion: In positions where explosive force and sudden displacements are important in terms of agility at short distances in the game, fibre and hard fins can be preferred. On the other hand, soft and grooved long fins can be preferred by players in positions that do not need to make sudden displacements at short distances. In addition, short and medium hard fins can be preferred by team players who need to be the first to reach the puck at the start of the game and who need to progress in fast water over short distances during the game.