Publication: Lesapports de l'utilisation de l'energie solaire dans la reconstructıon de la region sinistree du 6 fevrier: une modele de financement propose
Abstract
Küresel nüfus artışı, iklim değişikliği, jeopolitik gerilimler, fosil yakıtların tükenmesi ve elektrikli araçlar gibi teknolojik gelişmeler, yenilenebilir enerjilerin önemini her geçen gün arttırmaktadır. Türkiye, mevcut güneş enerjisi santrallerinin kurulu gücünün (10.194 MW- Haziran 2023) 5 katını temsil eden yüksek güneş enerjisi potansiyeline (yaklaşık 500,00 MW kapasite) sahip bir ülkedir. Haziran 2023 itibarıyla güneş enerjisine dayalı enerji santralleri ülkenin toplam enerji santralleri kurulu gücünün yüzde 10'unu oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye, 2022 yılında, elektrik ihtiyacının %58’ini fosil yakıtlardan (doğalgaz, kömür), %42’sini ise yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından sağlamıştır. Ülke, fosil enerjide dışa bağımlı olup, petrol, doğalgaz ve kömür ihtiyacının %92 ile %99’ı arasında ithalat etmektedir. 2022 yılında 109 milyar ABD Doları dış ticaret açığı vermiş olup, bunun 96 milyar ABD Doları enerji ithalatından kaynaklanmaktadır. Öte yandan, 2021 yılında imzalanan Paris Anlaşması çerçevesindeki iklim taahhütleri, Avrupa Birliği'nin 2026'dan itibaren geçerli olacak yeni “sınırda karbon düzenleme mekanizması” direktifi ve artan elektrik talebi gibi faktörler, Türkiye'nin yeşil enerjiye geçişi göz önünde bulundurması gerektiğini göstermektedir. 6 Şubat 2023 depremini yaşayan bölgenin yeniden inşası esnasında çatı üstü güneş panellerinin kullanılması, Türkiye’nin yeşil enerji kaynaklarından elektrik üretimini arttırabilmesi açısından bir fırsat olacaktır. Tezin amacı, böyle bir uygulama ile Türkiye’nin sağlayacağı ekonomik (dış ticaret açığı üzerinde olumlu etki), jeopolitik, iklimsel (Türkiye’nin uluslararası iklim anlaşmaları angajmanları) ve sosyal açıdan getirilerin ortaya konması ve bir finansman modeli önerisi ile uygulama yönteminin belirlenmesidir. Kamu özel işbirliği finansman modeli ile deprem bölgesinde yeni inşa edilecek binaların ve sağlam raporu alan bir kısım binaların (%30) çatılarına güneş paneli montajı yapılması sonucunda, Türkiye’nin elektrik kurulu gücü 4.906 MW artarak, 104 bin MW’tan 109 bin MW’a ulaşacaktır. Bu durumun, ülke ekonomisine olumlu katkılar sağlayacağını öngörmekteyiz.
Global population growth, climate change, geopolitical tensions, the depletion of fossil fuels and technological developments such as electrical vehicles, are increasing the importance of renewable energies day by day. Turkey is a country with high solar potential (around 500.00 MW of capacity) which represents 5 times the current installed power of solar power plants (10,194 MW as of June 2023). Solar-based power plants constitute 10% of the country's total power plants installed capacity as of June 2023. In 2022, Turkey produced 58% of its electricity from fossil fuels (natural gas, coal) and 42% from renewable energy sources. The country is externally dependent on fossil fuels and imports between 92% and 99% of its oil, natural gas and coal needs. Its foreign trade shows a deficit of 109 billion USD in 2022, including 96 billion USD due to energy imports. On the other hand, the climate commitments within the framework of the Paris agreement signed in 2021, the new directive of the “carbon tax border adjustment mechanism” of the European Union which will be effective from 2026 and the Increasing demand for electricity are factors that Turkey must consider for the transition to green energy. The use of rooftop solar panels during the reconstruction of the region, which experienced the earthquake of February 6, 2023, will be an opportunity for Turkey to increase electricity production from green energy sources. The objective of the master's thesis is to reveal the economic (positive impact on the foreign trade deficit), geopolitical, climatic (Turkey's international commitments within the framework of climate agreements) and social advantages of such an application (solar panels) and determine the implementation method with a proposed financing model. Under the public-private partnership financing model, solar panels will be placed on the roofs of newly constructed buildings and some buildings (on 30% of buildings that received a positive report on the good condition of the building) in the disaster area. Thus, Turkey's installed electricity capacity will increase by 4,906 MW (from 104 thousand MW to 109 thousand MW), which will have positive impacts on the country.
Global population growth, climate change, geopolitical tensions, the depletion of fossil fuels and technological developments such as electrical vehicles, are increasing the importance of renewable energies day by day. Turkey is a country with high solar potential (around 500.00 MW of capacity) which represents 5 times the current installed power of solar power plants (10,194 MW as of June 2023). Solar-based power plants constitute 10% of the country's total power plants installed capacity as of June 2023. In 2022, Turkey produced 58% of its electricity from fossil fuels (natural gas, coal) and 42% from renewable energy sources. The country is externally dependent on fossil fuels and imports between 92% and 99% of its oil, natural gas and coal needs. Its foreign trade shows a deficit of 109 billion USD in 2022, including 96 billion USD due to energy imports. On the other hand, the climate commitments within the framework of the Paris agreement signed in 2021, the new directive of the “carbon tax border adjustment mechanism” of the European Union which will be effective from 2026 and the Increasing demand for electricity are factors that Turkey must consider for the transition to green energy. The use of rooftop solar panels during the reconstruction of the region, which experienced the earthquake of February 6, 2023, will be an opportunity for Turkey to increase electricity production from green energy sources. The objective of the master's thesis is to reveal the economic (positive impact on the foreign trade deficit), geopolitical, climatic (Turkey's international commitments within the framework of climate agreements) and social advantages of such an application (solar panels) and determine the implementation method with a proposed financing model. Under the public-private partnership financing model, solar panels will be placed on the roofs of newly constructed buildings and some buildings (on 30% of buildings that received a positive report on the good condition of the building) in the disaster area. Thus, Turkey's installed electricity capacity will increase by 4,906 MW (from 104 thousand MW to 109 thousand MW), which will have positive impacts on the country.
Description
Keywords
Afet konutları, Deprem bölgesi, Disaster region, Énergie renouvelable, Énergie solaire, Energy financing, Enerji finansmanı, Financement de l'énergie, Güneş enerjisi, Kamu Özel İşbirliği Projesi, lodgment post-disaster, logement post désastre, Projet de partenariat public-privé, Public-private partnership project, Région sinistrée, Renewable energy, Renewable energy sources, Solar energy, Yenilenebilir enerji, Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları
