Publication: Bağımlılık okulunun finansal sektör yaklaşımı
Abstract
Genel iktisat teorisince kabul gören, gerek yerel gerekse uluslararası alanda serbest piyasa sisteminin temel üretim ve değişim koşullarını referans alan kalkınma yaklaşımları zamanla ağır eleştiriler almaya başlamıştır. Kapitalist üretim ilişkilerine dayalı ve serbest dış ticarete dayalı bir ekonomik yapının ülkelerin gelişme düzeylerini yakınsamak bir yana giderek bu farkı derinleştirmekte olduğunu ortaya koyan itirazların en belirgin ve en genel karşı tezi olmuştur. Bu farklılık birçok farklı iktisadi kavram bağlamında analiz edilmişse de en temel araştırmalar yabancı sermaye yatırımları ve çok uluslu şirketler üzerinde yoğunlaşmıştır. Daha düşük maliyetle üretim yapabilmek amacıyla dünyanın dört bir yanına yayılan yatırımlar girmiş oldukları ülkelerde kapitalist üretim ilişkilerinin giderek yapısallaşmasına yol açmış ve gelir dağılımın gerek yerel gerekse ülkeler arası düzeyde daha da adaletsiz bir boyut kazanmasına neden olmuşlardır. İkinci Dünya Savaşı ile 1970 li yılların ortalarında yaşanan petrol krizi arasında yaşanan bu dönem sanayi yatırımlarındaki karlılığın düşmesi ve bu yatırımların daha zahmetli olması nedeniyle zamanla yeni bir iktisadi yapıya evrilmiştir. Bu yeni iktisadi yapı neo-liberal yaklaşımların güçlü desteğiyle finansal ekonomiyi ön plana çıkarmıştır. Sermaye hareketlerinin giderek daha da serbestiye sahip olmasıyla birlikte ekonomik yapı neredeyse tamamıyla finansal sermayenin kontrolüne geçmiştir. Bu nedenle son yıllarda yaşanan iktisadi krizlerin temel nedeni kapitalist üretim ilişkileri ve serbest piyasanın temel dinamikleri yerine finansal sermayenin risk iştahı olarak görülmüştür
Development approaches that have been accepted by general economic theory have begun to be subjected to severe criticisms in times.These approaches have taken up references of basic production- and exchange conditions of free market in either local or international area. An economic structure based upon capitalistic production relation and free external trade does not converge the level of development of the countries; however, it deepens this contrast and has become the most remarkable and the most general anti-thesis of objections. This contrast was analyzed in the context many different economic concept; nevertheless, basic investigations have focused on inventions of foreign capital and multi-national corporations. In order to be able to make productions with less cost the inventions branch out all over the world. They are resulting in far more firm construction of the capitalist relations of the countries they have entered and give rise to an inequitable level of income distribution either locally or internationally. II World War and oil crisis occurred in mid of 1970’s caused decrease inventions in industry and because of difficulty in these inventions it led to a new economic construction. With the powerful support of neo liberal approaches this novel economic structure have caused financial economy to be in the first place.The economic structure have almost gone under the control of financial capital with every day the freedom of capital movement Hence, the main reason of economic crises having occurred in recent years are seen to be risk desire of financial capital rather than capitalists production relations and the main dynamics of free market
Development approaches that have been accepted by general economic theory have begun to be subjected to severe criticisms in times.These approaches have taken up references of basic production- and exchange conditions of free market in either local or international area. An economic structure based upon capitalistic production relation and free external trade does not converge the level of development of the countries; however, it deepens this contrast and has become the most remarkable and the most general anti-thesis of objections. This contrast was analyzed in the context many different economic concept; nevertheless, basic investigations have focused on inventions of foreign capital and multi-national corporations. In order to be able to make productions with less cost the inventions branch out all over the world. They are resulting in far more firm construction of the capitalist relations of the countries they have entered and give rise to an inequitable level of income distribution either locally or internationally. II World War and oil crisis occurred in mid of 1970’s caused decrease inventions in industry and because of difficulty in these inventions it led to a new economic construction. With the powerful support of neo liberal approaches this novel economic structure have caused financial economy to be in the first place.The economic structure have almost gone under the control of financial capital with every day the freedom of capital movement Hence, the main reason of economic crises having occurred in recent years are seen to be risk desire of financial capital rather than capitalists production relations and the main dynamics of free market