Publication: Giresun - Şebinkarahisar çevresinde geleneksel dokumalar
Abstract
Anadolu’da geleneksel sanatlar içinde dokumalar da önemli bir yer tutar. Geleneksel sanatların yapıları; iklim, toplumların yaşam biçimlerindeki inanç, gelenek, görenek ve törenlerine bağlı olarak biçimlenir. Burada konu edinilen Şebinkarahisar ve çevresindeki giyim, örtü, yaygı ve taşımada kullanılan dokumaların da kendine has özellikleri vardır. Dokumalarda yörede bulunan, yani erişilebilen malzemeler kullanılmıştır. Bölgede beslenen hayvanların tüyleri, yünleri ve yetişen bitkilerden elde edilen malzemelerin yanında, bazen ipek gibi malzemeler dışardan alınır. Zaten geçmişte Şebinkarahisar ipek yolu üzerinde bulunmaktaydı. Bundan başka tarihi süreç içinde önemli olaylara sahne olmuştur. Günümüzde Şebinkarahisar Giresun iline bağlı bir ilçedir. Nüfus’u 21.204’dir. Bölge dışardan göç almadığı için etnik ayrımlardan söz edilmez, çünkü bölgeye yeni göçler olmamıştır. Ülkemizin sanayileşmesinden önce insanlar ihtiyaçlarının birçoğunu bölgelerinde kendileri üreterek karşılamışlardır. Şebinkarahisar’da dokumacılık eskiden beri yapılmaktadır. Ev döşemeleri, yaygılar, örtüler, taşıma eşyaları, giysiler üretilmiştir. Bu dokumalardan birçoğu çeyizlerde ve törenlerde yer almış ve günümüze kadar devam ettirilmiştir. Bölgede dokumacılık tüm yerleşimlerde yaygındır. Tamzara kasabası uzun yıllar dokumacılık yapılan bir yerleşim yeridir. Yalnızca Tamzara’da dokunan ve “Tamzara Dokuması” olarak adlandırılan bir bez türü vardır. Bundan başka araştırmamızda Şebinkarahisar’da ve köylerinde çok çeşitli (palaz, çuval, azık torbası, tülü, heybe, halı, kilim ve yöredeki adı ile mazman) dokumaların olduğu görülmüştür. Bu dokumalar kendi içinde dokuma ve desenleme tekniklerine göre gruplanır. Yöreye özgü olan kıldan dokunan, at ve eşeklere örtülen, mazman kendine özgü desenleme tekniği olan bir dokuma çeşididir. Bu dokumanın zemini çözgü etken olmasına karşın desenlemesi atkı doğrultusundadır ve diğer dokumalardan farklıdır. Bölgede çeşitli tezgâh tipleri vardır. Örneğin; bezler için kamçılı (mekikli), yaygılar için dikey ve yatay tezgâhlar kullanılmıştır. Bölgede bazı dokumalar kadınlar, bazıları da erkekler tarafından dokunur. Genel olarak kadınlar dokuma yapar ana mazman dokumalar erkekler tarafından yapılır. Sadece Şebinkarahisar'da alan araştırmaları yapılmadı. Bunun yanında Ankara’daki vakıf ve müzelerde bulunan Şebinkarahisar tekstilleri üzerine de araştırmalar yapıldı. Anahtar kelime: Şebinkarahisar, palaz, mazman, halı, kilim, heybe
Traditional weaving has an importanat place beween traditional handy crafts in Anatolia. The building of forms, designs, colors and techniques in traditional arts depent on beliefs, life styles, taraditional rituels. . The textiles in Şebinkarahisar, which we researched area have unic futures. The local materials, what the people own or can get have been used. As materials usually wool, hair, fiber of plants are used and beside silk is also used. Şebinharahisar was on the silk road in the past. Therefore Şebinkarahisar was one of important cultural city. Today, Şebinkarahisar is in Giresun Province. İt’s population is 21.204 people. Şebinharahisar is not big city. There was not a emigirants and it does not have different ethnic groups. Before become industrialized in the city, the people produce themselves their needs with traditional technics. Weaving art is also one of them. Weaving in Şebinkarahisar has been done since from the past. The textiles as cover of home furnishings, floor coverings, carrying, clothes are produced. Many of these traditional textiles were used in ceremonies like a wedding, funureal rituels. We can say they were are used from the birth to death. Weaving art is very common in all settlements in the region. There is a one town in the ares called Tamzara. It is very famous in special textile producing. This textile is also called Tamzara. The name of textiles in thye are palaz=warp faced floor cover, çuval= sack, azık torbası=bag of food for shaper, tülü= coarse and long pile floor, sofa and bed cover , heybe= saddelbag, halı= carpet, kilim= pileless floor cover, mazman= animal cover. There are different groups in textiles depending on their weaving tehnics, patterning. Forexample: mazman is one of them woven with got hair and is used as a animal cover. It has special weaving and patterning technic. It’s ground struction is warp faced and patterning is made in weft direction. There are various types of looms in the region. They are horizontal and vertical types. The horizontal looms are used for fabric weaving. The vertical looms are usually used for floor coverings like a carpets and kilims. Some horizontal looms called as (yer tezgâhı) is used for warp faced floor covers, sacks, and saddelbags. Some textiles in this area are woven by women and some textiles by men. But generally weavers are women. We did not make only field researches in Şebinkarahisar area. We also researched about Şebinkarahisar textiles in the foundation and museums in Ankara and Şebinkarahisar. Keybords: Şebinkarahisar, palaz= warp faced floor cover, mazman, halı, carpet, kilim, heybe= saddelbag.
Traditional weaving has an importanat place beween traditional handy crafts in Anatolia. The building of forms, designs, colors and techniques in traditional arts depent on beliefs, life styles, taraditional rituels. . The textiles in Şebinkarahisar, which we researched area have unic futures. The local materials, what the people own or can get have been used. As materials usually wool, hair, fiber of plants are used and beside silk is also used. Şebinharahisar was on the silk road in the past. Therefore Şebinkarahisar was one of important cultural city. Today, Şebinkarahisar is in Giresun Province. İt’s population is 21.204 people. Şebinharahisar is not big city. There was not a emigirants and it does not have different ethnic groups. Before become industrialized in the city, the people produce themselves their needs with traditional technics. Weaving art is also one of them. Weaving in Şebinkarahisar has been done since from the past. The textiles as cover of home furnishings, floor coverings, carrying, clothes are produced. Many of these traditional textiles were used in ceremonies like a wedding, funureal rituels. We can say they were are used from the birth to death. Weaving art is very common in all settlements in the region. There is a one town in the ares called Tamzara. It is very famous in special textile producing. This textile is also called Tamzara. The name of textiles in thye are palaz=warp faced floor cover, çuval= sack, azık torbası=bag of food for shaper, tülü= coarse and long pile floor, sofa and bed cover , heybe= saddelbag, halı= carpet, kilim= pileless floor cover, mazman= animal cover. There are different groups in textiles depending on their weaving tehnics, patterning. Forexample: mazman is one of them woven with got hair and is used as a animal cover. It has special weaving and patterning technic. It’s ground struction is warp faced and patterning is made in weft direction. There are various types of looms in the region. They are horizontal and vertical types. The horizontal looms are used for fabric weaving. The vertical looms are usually used for floor coverings like a carpets and kilims. Some horizontal looms called as (yer tezgâhı) is used for warp faced floor covers, sacks, and saddelbags. Some textiles in this area are woven by women and some textiles by men. But generally weavers are women. We did not make only field researches in Şebinkarahisar area. We also researched about Şebinkarahisar textiles in the foundation and museums in Ankara and Şebinkarahisar. Keybords: Şebinkarahisar, palaz= warp faced floor cover, mazman, halı, carpet, kilim, heybe= saddelbag.