Publication: Yüksek öğretim kurumlarında stratejik planlama ve balanced scorecard uygulamaları: Türkiye için bir model önerisi
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YÜKSEK ÖĞRETİM KURUMLARINDA STRATEJİK PLÂNLAMA VE BALANCED SCORECARD UYGULAMALARI: TÜRKİYE İÇİN BİR MODEL ÖNERİSİ 1990’ların başında yüksek öğretimde stratejik plânlama ve sayılabilirlik dikkat çeken ve sorgulanan önemli bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Bunun en büyük sebebi de uygulanmakta olan geleneksel plânlama yöntemlerinin yetersiz kalmasıdır. Böylelikle yükseköğretim kurumları geleneksel kaynakların ve geleneksel plânlama yöntemlerinin yerine stratejik plânlamayı kurumlarında uygulamaya başlamışlardır. Üniversitelerin idari birimleri bu sorunları ortadan kaldırabilmek amacıyla, stratejik plânlama ve balanced scorecard’ı kendilerine yardım sağlaması ve rakipleriyle daha etkin rekabet edebilmek amacıyla kurumlarına uyarlayarak geliştirmişlerdir. 1992’de Robert S. Kaplan ve David P. Norton balanced scorecardı geçmiş performansın malî ölçümlerini elde tutarken gelecekteki malî performansı yönlendirecek olan etkenleri de ortaya koyan bir sistem olarak tanımlamıştır. Balanced Scorecard bir kurumun misyonunu ve stratejisini gelecekteki performanslarını sağlayacak etkenlere dönüşmesini sağlar. Balanced Scorecard (BSC), geleneksel finansal ölçümleri aynen korur. Ancak finansal ölçüler sadece geçmişte gerçekleşen olaylarla ilgili bilgileri bize vermektedir. BSC ile hedef ve ölçüler kurumun performansı dört farklı açıdan değerlendirilir. Kaplan ve Norton (1999), kurumlar açısından BSC’ı dört ayrı perspektiften incelemiştir. •Finansal: Hissedarlarımıza nasıl bakmalıyız? •İç işleyiş: Neden üstün olmalıyız? •Öğrenme ve gelişme: Değerlerimizi geliştirmeye devam edebilir miyiz ve yeni değerler yaratabilir miyiz? •Müşteri: Müşterilerimiz bizi nasıl görüyor? Bu çalışmada, İngiltere, Avustralya, Kanada, Amerika ve Türkiye’deki yüksek öğretim kurumlarındaki stratejik plânlama örneklerine ve Balanced Scorecard uygulamalarına yer verilecek, stratejik plân yapan ve BSC uygulayan bu yüksek öğretim kurumları incelenerek Türk yükseköğretim sisteminde nasıl bir stretejik plân yapılması gerektiği ve Balanced Scorecard uygulamasının nasıl olacağına dair bir model geliştirilecektir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Stratejik Plânlama, Yükseköğretim, Balanced Scorecard, Üniversite
STRATEGIC PLANNING AND BALANCED SCORECARD APPLICATIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A MODEL SUGGESTION FOR TURKEY At the beginning of the 1990s, strategic planning and accountability in higher education became a challenging issue for higher education. They are increasingly turning to strategic planning to help them make this realignment, because they are finding that traditional resources and traditional planning methods are no longer effective. There is considerable interest in the role of strategic planning and balanced scorecard in assisting university management to develop competitive strategies. In 1992, Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton introduced the balanced scorecard, a set of measures that allow for integrated view of business performance. The balanced scorecard translates an organization’s mission and strategy into a set of performance measures that provides a framework for a strategic measurement system. The scorecard was originally created to supplement “traditional financial measures with criteria that measured performance from three additional perspectives - those of customers, international business processes and learning and growth” (Kaplan and Norton 1999) The Kaplan and Norton balanced scorecard examines an institution from four perspectives: •Innovation, learning and growth: Can we continue to improve and create value? •Customer: How do customers see us? •Financial: How do we look to shareholders? •Internal business processes: What must be excelling at? The purpose of this study is to enable you to design a performance measurement system in higher education institutes by using balanced scorecard. In this research we examined Edinburgh University (England), Ontario University (Canada) Melbourne University (Australia), and Middle East Technical University (Turkey) strategic plans between 2000 and 2006. Then, we adapted their strategic plans to scorecards and tried to examine them from balanced scorecard’s four perspectives. Key Words: Strategic Planning, Higher Education, Balanced Scorecard, University
STRATEGIC PLANNING AND BALANCED SCORECARD APPLICATIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A MODEL SUGGESTION FOR TURKEY At the beginning of the 1990s, strategic planning and accountability in higher education became a challenging issue for higher education. They are increasingly turning to strategic planning to help them make this realignment, because they are finding that traditional resources and traditional planning methods are no longer effective. There is considerable interest in the role of strategic planning and balanced scorecard in assisting university management to develop competitive strategies. In 1992, Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton introduced the balanced scorecard, a set of measures that allow for integrated view of business performance. The balanced scorecard translates an organization’s mission and strategy into a set of performance measures that provides a framework for a strategic measurement system. The scorecard was originally created to supplement “traditional financial measures with criteria that measured performance from three additional perspectives - those of customers, international business processes and learning and growth” (Kaplan and Norton 1999) The Kaplan and Norton balanced scorecard examines an institution from four perspectives: •Innovation, learning and growth: Can we continue to improve and create value? •Customer: How do customers see us? •Financial: How do we look to shareholders? •Internal business processes: What must be excelling at? The purpose of this study is to enable you to design a performance measurement system in higher education institutes by using balanced scorecard. In this research we examined Edinburgh University (England), Ontario University (Canada) Melbourne University (Australia), and Middle East Technical University (Turkey) strategic plans between 2000 and 2006. Then, we adapted their strategic plans to scorecards and tried to examine them from balanced scorecard’s four perspectives. Key Words: Strategic Planning, Higher Education, Balanced Scorecard, University
