Publication: Kalkınma sürecinde sektörel/ sendikal dinamikler örnek olay: Türkiye Maden-İş Sendikası
Abstract
Azgelişmişliğin aşılmasında kritik bir önem atfedilen metalurji sektörünü, gelişmenin yönünün çözümlenebilmesi için en geniş gözlem alanını veren ve bizi gerçeğin bilgisine en çok yaklaştıracak olan sektör olduğundan çalışmamıza konu ettik. Bu başlık altında da spesifik bir alan olarak, planlı kalkınma döneminde, metal işkolunda işçi hareketleri ve özellikle sendikal deneyim üzerinde durduk. Metal işkolunda işçi sendikacılığı, hacmen büyük üretim birimlerinin, yoğunlaştığı belli havzalar çevresinde gelişmişti. Büyük sayılarda sanayi işçisinin birarada bulunduğu ve ağır çalışma koşullarının hüküm sürdüğü sektör, sendikal çalışma için verimli bir zemin olagelmiştir. Öyle ki, gerek dünya ve gerekse Türkiye işçi sınıfı içerisinde örgütlenme eğilimi en yüksek kesimlerin başında metalurji işçilerinin olduğu gözlenmektedir. Türkiye'de de metal işçileri ve onların sendikal örgütü Maden-İş, işçi sınıfının ekonomik mücadelesiyle ideolojik ve politik mücadelesinin ayrılmaz bir bütün olduğu görüşünü temel alan sınıf ve kitle sendikal anlayışıyla 1960'lardan sonra, sömürünün sınırlandırılması için ve 1970'lerden sonra giderek sömürünün ortadan kaldırılması için harekete geçmiş, bu nedenle grev hakkı, referandum hakkı, işçi sınıfının politik örgütlenme hakkı gibi pek çok başlıkta siyasal iktidarla ve sermaye çevreleriyle karşıkarşıya gelmiş, 12 Eylül askersel devirmesi ile kapatılıp, üye ve yöneticileri hapsedilmişti. Maden-İş'i bu ölçüde hedef haline getiren en önemli özelliği, yalnızca üyeleri ya da metal işkolunda çalışan işçilerin değil, bir bütün olarak işçi sınıfının çıkarlarını gözeten bir sendikal anlayışı temsil etmesidir. Bunun çarpıcı tezahürlerinden biri DİSK'in kuruluşunda üstlendiği rol, bir diğeri sadece sendikal alanda değil farklı toplumsal kesimleri hedef alan, Genel Yas eylemi, DGM Direnişi, Ulusal Demokratik Cephe benzeri siyasal çıkışlardır. Kanımızca, 1960'ların sonundan itibaren olgunlaşıp, politize olan Türkiye işçi sınıfının sendikal eylemini anlamanın anahtarı Maden-İş deneyimini anlamaktan geçmektedir. Metnimiz de esas olarak bu deneyimi çözümleme iddiasındadır.
Since the metallurgy industry, having a critical significance in overcoming the underdevelopment, is providing the widest observation area to analyze the direction of development and will be the one that will allow us to approach to the knowledge of trust at most, we have taken it as the subject of our study and under this title we have emphasized on the movements of workers in metal industry and, particularly, on the labor union experience during planned development period as a specific area. Labor unionism in metal industry was developed in certain areas, in which huge manufacturing units in terms of volume were concentrated. This industry, in which high amounts of industrial workers are living together and there are heavy working conditions, was always a productive area for unionist working. Thus, it is observed that metallurgy workers show the highest organization trend among the workers class both in Turkey and throughout the world. Similarly in Turkey, metal industry workers, and their labor union, Maden-İş, has worked a lot for the restriction of exploitation after 1960's and for elimination of exploitation after 1970's with a unionist approach of classes and masses based on the point of view that economical struggle of the worker's class is an integral part of ideological and political struggle and therefore has confronted with the political power and holders of the capital in various cases such as strike right, referendum right, political organization right of the workers class, etc. and after it was abolished by the military coup d'état on September 12, and its members and managers were imprisoned. Most important characteristic of Maden-İş that makes it a target was the fact that it was representing not only its members or the workers of metal industry, but also a unionist approach protecting the interests of the entire workers class. One of the most striking signs of this fact was the role it has undertaken in the establishment of DİSK and the other one was its political sallies targeting not only unionist area but also different sections of the society, such as General Mourning action, Resistance to State Security Courts, actions in National Democratic Front, etc. We believe that the key to understand the unionist actions of Turkish workers class, which was matured and politicized after the end of 1960's is to understand the Maden-İş experience and our study is mainly claiming to analyze this experience.
Since the metallurgy industry, having a critical significance in overcoming the underdevelopment, is providing the widest observation area to analyze the direction of development and will be the one that will allow us to approach to the knowledge of trust at most, we have taken it as the subject of our study and under this title we have emphasized on the movements of workers in metal industry and, particularly, on the labor union experience during planned development period as a specific area. Labor unionism in metal industry was developed in certain areas, in which huge manufacturing units in terms of volume were concentrated. This industry, in which high amounts of industrial workers are living together and there are heavy working conditions, was always a productive area for unionist working. Thus, it is observed that metallurgy workers show the highest organization trend among the workers class both in Turkey and throughout the world. Similarly in Turkey, metal industry workers, and their labor union, Maden-İş, has worked a lot for the restriction of exploitation after 1960's and for elimination of exploitation after 1970's with a unionist approach of classes and masses based on the point of view that economical struggle of the worker's class is an integral part of ideological and political struggle and therefore has confronted with the political power and holders of the capital in various cases such as strike right, referendum right, political organization right of the workers class, etc. and after it was abolished by the military coup d'état on September 12, and its members and managers were imprisoned. Most important characteristic of Maden-İş that makes it a target was the fact that it was representing not only its members or the workers of metal industry, but also a unionist approach protecting the interests of the entire workers class. One of the most striking signs of this fact was the role it has undertaken in the establishment of DİSK and the other one was its political sallies targeting not only unionist area but also different sections of the society, such as General Mourning action, Resistance to State Security Courts, actions in National Democratic Front, etc. We believe that the key to understand the unionist actions of Turkish workers class, which was matured and politicized after the end of 1960's is to understand the Maden-İş experience and our study is mainly claiming to analyze this experience.