Publication: Sporcuların stresle başa çıkma yöntemlerinin belirlenmesinde sürekli sportif güven ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin rolü
Abstract
AmaçBu çalışmanın amacı sporcuların sürekli sportif güven ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin, stresle başa çıkma yöntemlerinin belirlemesindeki rolünü araştırmak ve sporcuların stresle başa çıkma yöntemleri ile sürekli sportif güven ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerini cinsiyet, spor türü ve spor deneyimine göre incelemektir.Gereç ve YöntemÇalışmaya 18 yaş üstü 216 erkek (X̄yaş=21.70±2.96) ve 173 kadın (X̄yaş=20.60±1.99) toplam 389 (X̄yaş=21,21 ±2,63) sporcu katılmıştır. Farklı spor branşları ile uğraşan sporcuların spor deneyimi 6.95 ± 3.81 yıldır. Sporcular çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmışlardır. Katılımcılara Kişisel Bilgi Formu ile birlikte “Spor Kaygı Ölçeği-2 (SKÖ-2)”, ‘’Sürekli Sportif Güven Envanteri’’ ve ‘’Sporda Stresle Başa Çıkma Stratejileri Envanteri’’ uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde çoklu hiyerarşik regresyon analizi ve bağımsız örneklemlerde t-testi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular ve SonuçlarAnaliz sonuçlarına göre sürekli sportif güven; hayal etme, düşünce kontrolü, çaba sarf etme, gevşeme, zihinsel analiz ve destek arama alt boyutlarının pozitif yönde anlamlı belirleyicisi iken (p<0,05 hoşa gitmeyen duyguların ifadesi (β= -0.11, p<0.05) ve sosyal geri çekilme (β= -0.18, p<0.05) alt boyutlarının negatif yönde anlamlı belirleyicisidir. Ayrıca sürekli sportif güven, çekilme ve zihinsel karmaşa alt boyutları arasında anlamlı ilişki (p>0,05) bulunamamıştır. Regresyon sonuçlarına göre konsantrasyon dağınıklığı, hayal etme (β= -0.30, p<0.05), düşünce kontrolü (β= -0.23, p<0.05), çaba sarf etme (β= -0.24, p<0.05), gevşeme (β= -0.26, p<0.05) ve zihinsel analiz (β= -0.26, p<0.05) alt boyutlarının negatif yönde anlamlı belirleyicisi iken, hoşa gitmeyen duyguların ifadesi (β= 0.14, p<0.05) ve sosyal geri çekilme (β= 0.18, p<0.05) alt boyutunun pozitif yönde anlamlı belirleyicisidir. Bunun yanısıra somatik kaygı; gevşeme (β= 0.22, p<0.05), zihinsel analiz (β= 0.11, p<0.05), çekilme (β=0.18, p<0.05) ve sosyal geri çekilme (β=0.17, p<0.05) alt boyutunun pozitif yönde anlamlı belirleyicisidir. T-testi analiz sonuçlarına göre, sporcuların başa çıkma yöntemlerinin cinsiyete göre sosyal geri çekilme alt boyutunda, spor türüne göre zihinsel karmaşa ve hoşa gitmeyen duyguların ifadesi alt boyutlarında anlamlı fark bulunmuşken, spor deneyimine göre anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Ayrıca sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin cinsiyete göre somatik kaygı alt boyutunda, spor türüne göre somatik kaygı, endişe ve konsantrasyon dağınıklığı alt boyutlarında, spor deneyimine göre ise endişe ve konsantrasyon dağınıklığı alt boyutlarında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Sürekli sportif güven düzeylerinin cinsiyete ve spor türüne göre anlamlı fark bulunmuşken spor deneyimine göre anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Çalışma bulguları, sporcuların sürekli sportif güven ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin stresle başa çıkma stratejilerinin belirlenmesinde önemli bir etkiye neden olduğunu göstermiştir.
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the levels of trait sport confidence and trait anxiety of athletes in determining the strategies to cope with stress and to analyze the correlation of strategies of athletes to cope with stress, trait anxiety and trait confidence in accordance with gender, type of sport and sport experience.Material and MethodsTwo hundred and sixteen male (X̄yaş=21.70±2.96) and one hundred and seventy three female athletes (X̄yaş=20.60±1.99) who are over the age of eighteen have participated in this study. The sport experience of athletes’ who occupy with different types of sport is 6.95 ± 3.81 years. Athletes participated in this study voluntarily. “Personal Information Form”, “Sport Anxiety Scale-2”, “Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory” and ’’Invantaire des Stratégies de Coping en Compétition Sportive’’ were administered to participants. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Findings and ResultsAccording to the findings, while trait sport confidence is positive predictor (p<0,05) of mental imagery, thought control, effort expenditure, relaxation, logical analysis and seeking support sub- dimensions, it is negative predictor of venting of unpleasant emotions (β= -0.11, p<0.05) and disengagement/ resignation (β= -0.18, p<0.05) sub-dimensions. Meanwhile, there is no significant correlation (p>0,05) between trait sport confidence, distancing and mental distraction dimensions of according to analysis. According to regression results, while mental distraction is negative predictor of mental imagery (β= -0.30, p<0.05), thought control (β= -0.23, p<0.05), effort expenditure (β= -0.24, p<0.05), relaxation (β= -0.26, p<0.05) and logical analysis (β= -0.26, p<0.05) sub-dimensions, it is positive predictor of venting of unpleasant emotions (β= 0.14, p<0.05) and disengagement/ resignation (β= 0.18, p<0.05) sub-dimensions. Besides, somatic anxiety is positive predictor of both by means of relaxation (β= 0.22, p<0.05) and logical analysis (β= 0.11, p<0.05) sub-dimensions and distraction-oriented coping dimension by means of distancing and also disengagement/ resignation sub-dimensions. According to the t-test analysis results, when strategies of coping stress is compared with gender, type of sport and sport experience there is significant correlation between gender and disengagement/ resignation sub-dimensions, between type of sport and mental distraction and venting unpleasant, on the other hand, there can be seen no correlation for sport experience. Moreover, there is significant correlation between levels of anxiety and gender in terms of somatic anxiety; type of sports in terms of somatic anxiety, worry and concentration disruption; sport experience in terms of worry and concentration disruption. While significant correlation has been found between levels of sport trait confidence and gender along with type of sports, there is no significant correlation in terms of sport experience. The findings show that perceived trait sportive confidence and trait anxiety levels play an important role in determining the coping methods.Findings of this study show that there is significant effect of levels of trait sport confidence and trait anxiety on determining athletes coping with stress strategies.
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the levels of trait sport confidence and trait anxiety of athletes in determining the strategies to cope with stress and to analyze the correlation of strategies of athletes to cope with stress, trait anxiety and trait confidence in accordance with gender, type of sport and sport experience.Material and MethodsTwo hundred and sixteen male (X̄yaş=21.70±2.96) and one hundred and seventy three female athletes (X̄yaş=20.60±1.99) who are over the age of eighteen have participated in this study. The sport experience of athletes’ who occupy with different types of sport is 6.95 ± 3.81 years. Athletes participated in this study voluntarily. “Personal Information Form”, “Sport Anxiety Scale-2”, “Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory” and ’’Invantaire des Stratégies de Coping en Compétition Sportive’’ were administered to participants. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Findings and ResultsAccording to the findings, while trait sport confidence is positive predictor (p<0,05) of mental imagery, thought control, effort expenditure, relaxation, logical analysis and seeking support sub- dimensions, it is negative predictor of venting of unpleasant emotions (β= -0.11, p<0.05) and disengagement/ resignation (β= -0.18, p<0.05) sub-dimensions. Meanwhile, there is no significant correlation (p>0,05) between trait sport confidence, distancing and mental distraction dimensions of according to analysis. According to regression results, while mental distraction is negative predictor of mental imagery (β= -0.30, p<0.05), thought control (β= -0.23, p<0.05), effort expenditure (β= -0.24, p<0.05), relaxation (β= -0.26, p<0.05) and logical analysis (β= -0.26, p<0.05) sub-dimensions, it is positive predictor of venting of unpleasant emotions (β= 0.14, p<0.05) and disengagement/ resignation (β= 0.18, p<0.05) sub-dimensions. Besides, somatic anxiety is positive predictor of both by means of relaxation (β= 0.22, p<0.05) and logical analysis (β= 0.11, p<0.05) sub-dimensions and distraction-oriented coping dimension by means of distancing and also disengagement/ resignation sub-dimensions. According to the t-test analysis results, when strategies of coping stress is compared with gender, type of sport and sport experience there is significant correlation between gender and disengagement/ resignation sub-dimensions, between type of sport and mental distraction and venting unpleasant, on the other hand, there can be seen no correlation for sport experience. Moreover, there is significant correlation between levels of anxiety and gender in terms of somatic anxiety; type of sports in terms of somatic anxiety, worry and concentration disruption; sport experience in terms of worry and concentration disruption. While significant correlation has been found between levels of sport trait confidence and gender along with type of sports, there is no significant correlation in terms of sport experience. The findings show that perceived trait sportive confidence and trait anxiety levels play an important role in determining the coping methods.Findings of this study show that there is significant effect of levels of trait sport confidence and trait anxiety on determining athletes coping with stress strategies.