Publication: Japonya'da bir yeni dini hareket : Aum Shinrikyo
Abstract
Aum Shinrikyo (Şinrikyo), Japonya’da son zamanlarda ortaya çıkan yeni dini hareketlerden biridir. Başlangıçta sadece bireysel kurtuluşa önem vererek yoga merkezli faaliyetlerini sürdüren Aum, daha sonra lideri Asahara Shoko’nun farklı dönemlerde farklı din ve kültürlerden öğretiler benimsemesi sonucu senkretik bir hareket halini almıştır. Bu sebeple hareketin temel öğretileri sırası ile Hinayana, Mahayana ve Tantra-Vajrayana öğretileri çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. Ayrıca Aum’un öğretilerini ve dünya görüşünü etkilemiş olan apokaliptik inanç unsuru da hareket içerisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ancak Aum Shinrikyo’yu diğer yeni dini hareketlerden farklı kılan ve dünya genelinde tanınmış olmasını sağlayan asıl sebep öğretileri değil, 1995 yılında Tokyo metrosunda gerçekleştirmiş olduğu sarin gazı saldırısı olmuştur. Aum Shinrikyo’nun Tokyo metro saldırısı, Japonya’da din algısı ve dinlerin konumu açısından adeta bir dönüm noktası haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma; küçük bir yoga grubu olarak ortaya çıkan Aum Shinrikyo’nun, terörist bir gruba dönüşme sürecini ele almayı hedeflemektedir.
Aum Shinrikyo is one of the new religious movements in Japan. Initially, Aum continued its yoga-centered activities with emphasis on individual salvation, and later became a syncretic movement as its leader Asahara Shoko adopted teachings from different religions and cultures at different times. For this reason, the main teachings of the movement were shaped within the framework of the teachings of Hinayana, Mahayana and Tantra-Vajrayana, respectively. In addition, the apocalyptic belief element, which has influenced Aum's teachings and worldview, has an important place in the movement. However, what makes Aum Shinrikyo different from other new religious movements and makes it known worldwide is not the teachings but the sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway in 1995. Aum Shinrikyo's attack on the Tokyo subway has been a turning point in terms of the perception of religion and the position of religions in Japan. This study aims to deal with the process which turns Aum Shinrikyo from a small yoga group into a terrorist one.
Aum Shinrikyo is one of the new religious movements in Japan. Initially, Aum continued its yoga-centered activities with emphasis on individual salvation, and later became a syncretic movement as its leader Asahara Shoko adopted teachings from different religions and cultures at different times. For this reason, the main teachings of the movement were shaped within the framework of the teachings of Hinayana, Mahayana and Tantra-Vajrayana, respectively. In addition, the apocalyptic belief element, which has influenced Aum's teachings and worldview, has an important place in the movement. However, what makes Aum Shinrikyo different from other new religious movements and makes it known worldwide is not the teachings but the sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway in 1995. Aum Shinrikyo's attack on the Tokyo subway has been a turning point in terms of the perception of religion and the position of religions in Japan. This study aims to deal with the process which turns Aum Shinrikyo from a small yoga group into a terrorist one.