Publication: Üç boyutlu nesne takibi ve stroboskopik antrenmanın profesyonel sporculardaki karar verme ve bilişsel performansa etkisi
Abstract
Giriş: Son dönemlerde artan bilişsel antrenmanın sporcular üzerindeki etkisi dünyada yapılan çalışmalar ile incelenmektedir. 2010’lu yıllardan itibaren 3 boyutlu nesne takibi ve stroboskopik antrenmanı sporun içindeki algısal-bilişsel antrenmanların yerini almaya başlamıştır. Bu antrenmanların sporcular tarafından uygulanması sonucu gelişen belirli algısal-bilişsel becerilerinin sahaya aktarılıp aktarılamadığı tartışılmaktadır. Bunun için de çeşitli uzak öğrenme transferi çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç 3 boyutlu nesne takibi antrenmanının (3B-NTA) ve stroboskopik gözlük antrenmanının(SA) profesyonel futbolcular üzerindeki algısal-bilişsel performanslarına ve futbol spesifik karar verme becerilerine olan etkilerini incelemektir. Bu sayede spor bilimleri alanındaki algısal-bilişsel antrenmanı(ABA) konusundaki az sayıda çalışmaya sahip literatüre katkı sağlanması da bir diğer hedeftir. Metot: Araştırmamız ön-son test ölçümü ve 8 haftalık antrenman uygulaması şeklinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya en az 5 yıl futbol geçmişine sahip, Ispartaspor Kulübü A-takım oyuncusu olan 24 erkek futbolcu katılmıştır. Yaşları 18-35 yaş aralığındadır. Futbolcular kontrol (8 kişi), 3B-NTA – SA – (8 kişi) grupları olarak 3’e ayrılmıştır. Kontrol grubu 8 hafta boyunca takımın normalde uyguladığı futbol antrenmanlarına devam etmişlerdir. 3 boyutlu nesne takibi antrenmanı grubu ise 8 hafta boyunca takımın normalde uyguladığı futbol antrenmanına ek olarak futbol antrenmanı sonrası 3B-NTA uygulamışlardır. SA grubu ise 8 hafta boyunca takımın normalde uyguladığı futbol antrenmanına ek uygulanmıştır. Stroboskopik gözlük antrenmanında da sporcular normalde futbol branşında uygulayabilecekleri bütün motorik hareketleri yapabilmektedirler. Bütün gruplara 8 hafta antrenman sürecine başlanmadan önce ve sonra Stroop testi, Deary-Liewald testi, Stop Sinyal testi ve futbol spesifik karar verme becerisi testi uygulanmıştır.Elde edilen algısal-bilişsel test değerleri ve futbol spesifik karar verme becerisi test değerleri SPSS programında Kruskal-Wallis testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmada elde edilen bulgularda, 3B-NTA ve SA gruplarının Stroop testi, Deary-Liewald testi ve Stop-Sinyal testi sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Futbol spesifik karar verme becerisi değerlendirilmesinde de 3B-NTA ve SA grubunun sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Antrenman gruplarının aldığı kararlardaki doğruluk tutarlılığı kontrol grubuna göre %14-16 daha fazladır. Sonuç olarak elde edilen bulgulara göre çalışmada uyguladığımız 2 antrenman grubu da kontrol grubuna karşı hem algısal-bilişsel test performanslarında hem de futbol-spesifik karar verme becerisi testinde anlamlı derecede daha fazla katkı sağlamıştır. Bu sebeple futbolculara antrenman programları içinde 3B-NTA ve SA uygulanması, onların futbol performanslarına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Introduction: Recently, the effect of cognitive training on athletes has been examined with studies conducted around the world. Since the 2010s, 3D object tracking and stroboscopic training have started to replace perceptual-cognitive training in sports. It is discussed whether certain perceptual-cognitive skills developed as a result of the application of these trainings by athletes can be transferred to the field. For this, various remote learning transfer studies have been conducted. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 3D object tracking training (3D-NTA) and stroboscopic spectacle training (SA) on the perceptual-cognitive performance and football-specific decision-making skills of professional soccer players. In this way, it is also aimed to contribute to the literature on perceptual-cognitive training (ABA) in the field of sport sciences, which has a small number of studies. Method: Our research was conducted as a pre-post test measurement and 8-week training application. The participants of the study were 24 male football players who had at least 5 years of football history and were A-Team players of Ispartaspor Club. Their ages were between 18-35 years old. The soccer players were divided into 3 groups as control (8 people), 3B-NTA - SA - (8 people). The control group continued the soccer training that the team normally practiced for 8 weeks. The 3D object tracking training group practiced 3D-NTA after soccer training in addition to the soccer training that the team normally practiced for 8 weeks. The SA group was applied in addition to the team's regular soccer training for 8 weeks. In the stroboscopic glasses training, the athletes were able to perform all motoric movements that they would normally perform in soccer. Stroop test, Deary-Liewald test, Stop Signal test and football specific decision making skills test were applied to all groups before and after the 8-week training period. The obtained perceptual-cognitive test values and football specific decision making skills test values were evaluated with Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS program. Results: In the findings of the study, a significant difference was found between the Stroop test, Deary-Liewald test and Stop-Signal test results of the 3B-NTA and SA groups (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the results of the 3D-NTA and SA groups in the evaluation of football specific decision-making skills (p<0.05). The consistency of accuracy in the decisions made by the training groups was 14-16% higher than the control group. In conclusion, according to the findings obtained, the 2 training groups we applied in the study contributed significantly more in both perceptual-cognitive test performances and football-specific decision-making skills test against the control group. For this reason, it is thought that the application of 3D-NTA and SA in the training programs of football players will contribute to their football performances.
Introduction: Recently, the effect of cognitive training on athletes has been examined with studies conducted around the world. Since the 2010s, 3D object tracking and stroboscopic training have started to replace perceptual-cognitive training in sports. It is discussed whether certain perceptual-cognitive skills developed as a result of the application of these trainings by athletes can be transferred to the field. For this, various remote learning transfer studies have been conducted. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 3D object tracking training (3D-NTA) and stroboscopic spectacle training (SA) on the perceptual-cognitive performance and football-specific decision-making skills of professional soccer players. In this way, it is also aimed to contribute to the literature on perceptual-cognitive training (ABA) in the field of sport sciences, which has a small number of studies. Method: Our research was conducted as a pre-post test measurement and 8-week training application. The participants of the study were 24 male football players who had at least 5 years of football history and were A-Team players of Ispartaspor Club. Their ages were between 18-35 years old. The soccer players were divided into 3 groups as control (8 people), 3B-NTA - SA - (8 people). The control group continued the soccer training that the team normally practiced for 8 weeks. The 3D object tracking training group practiced 3D-NTA after soccer training in addition to the soccer training that the team normally practiced for 8 weeks. The SA group was applied in addition to the team's regular soccer training for 8 weeks. In the stroboscopic glasses training, the athletes were able to perform all motoric movements that they would normally perform in soccer. Stroop test, Deary-Liewald test, Stop Signal test and football specific decision making skills test were applied to all groups before and after the 8-week training period. The obtained perceptual-cognitive test values and football specific decision making skills test values were evaluated with Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS program. Results: In the findings of the study, a significant difference was found between the Stroop test, Deary-Liewald test and Stop-Signal test results of the 3B-NTA and SA groups (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the results of the 3D-NTA and SA groups in the evaluation of football specific decision-making skills (p<0.05). The consistency of accuracy in the decisions made by the training groups was 14-16% higher than the control group. In conclusion, according to the findings obtained, the 2 training groups we applied in the study contributed significantly more in both perceptual-cognitive test performances and football-specific decision-making skills test against the control group. For this reason, it is thought that the application of 3D-NTA and SA in the training programs of football players will contribute to their football performances.